世界银行-萨赫勒地区的人口流动：对社会保护计划和制度的影响（英）

Written by Yashodhan Ghorpade and Aline CoudouelPOPULATION MOBILITY IN THE SAHEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMSSASPP Policy Note SeriesPOLICY NOTE 11 | SEPTEMBER 2024Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized2SASPP Policy Note SeriesSeptember 2024KEY RECOMMENDATIONS1The Sahel is a dynamic region where population mobility is central to people’s livelihoods and economic security. While internal migration is commonly driven by economic motives, its manifestation and profile of migrants vary across countries. Wage differences explain a large part of the motivation to move from rural to urban areas. Non-economic motivations include marriage, family-related reasons (particularly among women), education, and cultural values. In recent years, insecurity and climate change have led to an increasing number of distressed migrants and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Although mobility is a central aspect of economic and cultural life in the Sahel, it can result in vulnerabilities for migrants and their family members at origin, during transit, and at destination. Many migrants experience poverty and lack access to basic services. They may not have the skills required for gainful employment at destination. Migration often entails dangerous journeys. Relocation can disrupt people’s access to social networks, making them vulnerable to discrimination or exclusion. Moreover, migrants or their families may lose access to programs and services. Given the salience of mobility dynamics in Sahelian livelihoods and some of the associated vulnerabilities, Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) programs and systems may need to be adjusted to ensure that migrants and their families are supported, not penalized.• At the policy level, this may require a reflection of mobility-related considerations in policy frameworks for social protection, coordination across multiple administrative departments and levels as well as with humanitarian agencies, the adaptation of social registries, and campaigns to improve access to basic services, national IDs, as well as information on safe migration practices.• At the operational level, meaningful modifications to ASP programs and systems can be made at each step of the delivery chain to ensure that migrants do not miss out on account of programmatic or administrative blind spots. • These modifications may include measures such as allowing dynamic and on-demand program registration, allowing multiple household members to receive program benefits, directing better coordination across administrative and geographical boundaries to ensure portability of benefits, and reviewing and adjusting the content, timing, and modality of program benefits to better suit the needs of people on the move.Applying a mobility lens to ASP can contribute to realizing the full potential of population mobility in the Sahel.Photo: © Curt Carnemark / World Bank3SASP