兰德-了解俄罗斯战略文化和低当量核威胁（英）

Understanding Russian strategic culture and the low-yield nuclear threatMattias Eken, Kiran Suman-Chauhan, Beatrice Aubert & Paul van HooftFor more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA3859-1About RAND Europe RAND Europe is a not-for-profit research organisation that helps improve policy and decision making through research and analysis. To learn more about RAND Europe, visit www.randeurope.org.Research Integrity Our mission to help improve policy and decision making through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behaviour. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/research-integrity.RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., and Cambridge, UK© 2025 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark.Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This publication and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorised posting of this publication online is prohibited; linking directly to its webpage on rand.org is encouraged. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research products for commercial purposes. For information on reprint and reuse permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.iThe concept of strategic culture was formulated in 1977 by RAND Corporation’s Jack Snyder, specifically with regards to nuclear strategy. Looking at the Soviet Union, Snyder stated that ‘a set of general beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral patterns with regard to nuclear strategy [had] achieved a state of semipermanence that [placed] them on the level of “culture” rather than mere “policy”.1 More generally, strategic culture can be defined as a collection of shared beliefs, assumptions and behaviours – stemming from common experiences and accepted narratives, both oral and written – that shape collective identity and relationships with other groups, determining the appropriate ends, ways and means for achieving security objectives.2 Similarly, deterrence is not a one-size-fits-all concept; it is shaped by specific cultural contexts and therefore varies across strategic communities