IMF-追踪劳动生产率增长放缓：瑞典（英）

Tracing the Slowdown of Labor Productivity Growth Sweden Xin Tang SIP/2025/037IMF Selected Issues Papers are prepared by IMF staff as background documentation for periodic consultations with member countries. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on February 9, 2025. This paper is also published separately as IMF Country Report No 25/53. 2025 APR © 2025 International Monetary Fund SIP/2025/037 IMF Selected Issues Paper European Department Tracing the Slowdown of Labor Productivity Growth, Sweden Prepared by Xin Tang Authorized for distribution by S. Pelin Berkmen April 2025 IMF Selected Issues Papers are prepared by IMF staff as background documentation for periodic consultations with member countries. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on February 9, 2025. This paper is also published separately as IMF Country Report No 25/53. ABSTRACT: Labor productivity in Sweden is among the highest in Europe but has been experiencing a secular decline since the GFC, similar to trends in other advanced economies. Sweden’s strong performance is supported by a skilled labor force, a competitive business environment, high R&D investments, and deep financial markets. However, evidence points to barriers to resource allocation across sectors and firms, and a multi-faceted solution is needed. Proposed reforms by the authorities’ Productivity Commission could effectively address these issues. Given the evolving structure of the Swedish economy, policies that facilitate the growth of services sector firms would be particularly beneficial. RECOMMENDED CITATION: Xin Tang. Tracing the Slowdown of Labor Productivity Growth. IMF Selected Issues Paper (SIP 2025/037). Washington DC. International Monetary Fund. JEL Classification Numbers: E23, O47 Keywords: Labor productivity, sectoral composition, firm size Author’s E-Mail Address: xtang@imf.org SELECTED ISSUES PAPERS Tracing the Slowdown of Labor Productivity Growth Sweden Prepared by Xin Tang1 1 “The author would like to thank helpful comments from Oya Celasun, Romain Duval, S. Pelin Berkmen, and Takuji Komatsuzaki, as well as seminar participants from the Swedish authorities. SWEDEN SELECTED ISSUES Approved By European Department Prepared By Xin Tang TRACING THE SLOWDOWN OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ________________ 2 A. Introduction _________________________________________________________________________ 2 B. Sweden’s Labor Productivity Relative to Other European Countries __________________ 3 C. A Change in Sectoral Composition and Secular Labor Productivity Growth Decline __ 7 D. Organization of Production at the Micro Level _______________________________________ 9 E. The Road Ahead ___________________________________________________________________ 11 BOXES 1. Summary of the Analysis by Persson et al. (2024) ____________________________________ 5 2. Sweden’s R&D Ecosystem __________________________________________________________ 13 FIGURE