粮食安全的地缘政治：零饥饿可持续发展目标的障碍（英文）

SUMMARYw Assessing the prospects for Zero Hunger—Sustainable Development Goal 2—requires an understanding of food security that goes beyond develop mental or humanitarian issues, to include linkages with geopolitics. Geopolitical challenges cut across areas such as natural resources, trade, armed conflict and climate change where unilateralism and zero-sum approaches to security directly hamper efforts to eradicate hunger and undermine the frameworks that govern those efforts. Competition for agricultural resources can be both a cause and a consequence of geo-political rivalry. International trade, while essential for food security, also creates vulnerabilities through supply disruptions—sometimes politically motivated. Armed conflict is a driver of food insecurity, which can itself feed into social unrest and violence. Climate change interacts with all three phenomena, reshaping both the physical landscape and political calculus. These overlapping linkages require further integrated policy engagement and analysis.THE GEOPOLITICS OF FOOD SECURITY: BARRIERS TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF ZERO HUNGERjiayi zhou, lisa maria dellmuth, kevin m. adams, tina-simone neset and nina von uexkull*No. 2020/11 November 2020SIPRI Insights on Peace and SecurityI. IntroductionThe United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets out 17 ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. The second of these goals, Zero Hunger, seeks to ‘End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture’.1 But since the goals were adopted in 2015, the number of people who are under­nourished has actually increased to 690 million in 2019, up by almost 60 mil­lion since 2014.2 If the current trajectory continues, then, far from achieving Zero Hunger by 2030, the number of undernourished people will have increased to 840 million.3 Moreover, those estimates do not take account of the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID­19) pandemic on global hunger during 2020, which could add 130 million people to the total.4 There are complex and interrelated factors that hinder international efforts to eradicate hunger and achieve SDG 2, from the economic to the environmental. However, food insecurity represents, in particular, a polit­ical failure; indeed, global food production has long surpassed the level necessarily to keep all people fed.5 On that basis, this paper highlights geo­politics as an important dimension of that political failure. It seeks to give geopolitics a more prominent place in the food security debate, outlining its impact across a range of areas that directly affect food security.1 UN General Assembly Resolution 70/1, ‘Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’, 25 Sep. 2015, A/RES/70/1, 21 Oct. 2015, p. 14.2 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICE