连通时代的欧盟安全视角：对中国关系的启示（英文）

SUMMARYw This SIPRI Insights Paper assesses European Union security perspectives on connectivity, alongside and in relation to the EU’s evolving relationship with China. The EU’s relations with China have undergone an important shift in recent years, with a strengthened emphasis by the EU on the challenges to bilateral cooperation. In addition, since 2014, EU and EU member states’ security perspectives have undergone a wider reassessment—one that has increased the prominence of the military dimensions of connectivity, including military mobility, in EU security planning. The EU and China are currently pursuing synergies between their separate connectivity initiatives, namely the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Connecting Europe programme. However, there remain barriers to sustainable cooperation that will need to be addressed between them moving forward. This SIPRI Insights Paper outlines a number of those security concerns from the EU perspective, within the transport and digital sectors specifically. No. 2020/3 February 2020SIPRI Insights on Peace and SecurityEU SECURITY PERSPECTIVES IN AN ERA OF CONNECTIVITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR RELATIONS WITH CHINAian anthony, jiayi zhou and fei suI. IntroductionAn important shift in the relations between the European Union (EU) and China is underway. The strengthening rhetoric from EU member states shows the growing concern over China’s expanding economic presence and potential political influence in Europe; as a result, the EU has started to re-evaluate its policies towards China and reconfigure the relations between the two sides. This is evidenced in ‘EU–China: A Strategic Outlook’, a report published by the European Commission in March 2019, which recognizes China not only as a cooperation and negotiating partner, but also an eco-nomic competitor and systemic rival.1 China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has contributed to the evolution in EU–China relations, and it is now being examined in Europe as part of the overall assessment of relations with China.2 Uncertainties stemming from United States–China tensions on nearly every front, including trade and technology, have also likely contributed.In addition, the EU has suffered a major strategic shock: the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 was the catalyst for a large-scale review of security requirements in Europe. One outcome of that review has been increased attention to military and non-military security, which are increasingly interconnected and have relevance to the growing connectivity between the EU and China.Connectivity covers a spectrum of issues, including the improvement of the hard infrastructure of ports, railways, roads and pipelines, and soft infrastructure through trade, financial cooperation and people-to-people exchanges. This SIPRI Insights focuses on transport and digital connectivity. Digital and transport infrastructure are highly relevant to the plans that European countries are making in response to the new security env