从矿产到兆瓦：增强电动汽车、数据中心和电网的韧性（英）

From Minerals to Megawatts: Building Resilience for EVs, Data Centres and Power GridsW H I T E P A P E RD E C E M B E R 2 0 2 5In collaboration with KearneyImages: Getty ImagesDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.© 2025 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForeword 3Executive summary 41 Understanding mineral intensity 51.1 The known frontier of electric mobility 71.2 The hidden footprint of digitalization 91.3 Copper and steel for electrification 112 Supply chains disjointed by tiers, territories and timelines 132.1 Anatomy of the electric mobility supply chain 142.2 Structure of the digital infrastructure supply chain 162.3 Map of the grid supply chain 183 Shared risks, divided attention 203.1 Early warning signs in supply 203.2 Upstream shocks, downstream consequences 243.3 Competing risk agendas 254 From awareness to action 294.1 Lessons from past disruptions 294.2 Making coordination possible 304.3 Roadmap to delivery 31Conclusion 33Contributors 34Endnotes 36From Minerals to Megawatts: Building Resilience for EVs, Data Centres and Power Grids2Kiva Allgood Managing Director, World Economic ForumJeremy Weir Chairman, Trafigura GroupIgor Hulak Partner and Global Head of Mining and Metals, KearneyJonathan Price President and Chief Executive Officer, Teck ResourcesFrom Minerals to Megawatts: Building Resilience for EVs, Data Centres and Power GridsDecember 2025ForewordThe race to electrify, digitalize and decarbonize the global economy relies on resilient, transparent and sustainable minerals and metals supply chains – building the foundation on which both today’s global economy and the ongoing energy and digital transition rest.Yet these complex supply chains face increasing strain: they span continents, operate on long permitting timelines and remain highly concentrated in a small number of regions. Meanwhile, global demand centres are shifting rapidly – from the accelerating pace of industrial activity to the unprecedented build-out of electricity systems, data centres and clean-energy infrastructure. Together, these pressures create systemic vulnerabilities that can disrupt everything from infrastructure delivery to industrial competitiveness.To confront these challenges, the World Economic Forum, in collaboration with Kearney and with support from the Forum’s Mining and Metals Industry Community, has developed this focused work stream under the Future-Proofi