英文【世界卫生组织】社区环境手部卫生指南

Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Community SettingsGuidelines on Hand Hygiene in Community SettingsForeword vAcknowledgements viAcronyms and abbreviations viiiGlossary ixExecutive summary xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose, target audience and scope 3 1.2.1 Purpose 3 1.2.2 Target audience 3 1.2.3 Scope 3 1.3 Guiding principles 5 1.4 Structure 6 2. Hand hygiene in community settings for public health: 7 a government responsibility 2.1 Recommendation 1: policy, legal, regulatory and fiscal measures to promote hand hygiene 7 2.2 Remarks 7 2.2.1 An important public health measure 7 2.2.2 Government responsibility 8 2.2.3 Promotion 9 2.3 Rationale 9 3. Effective hand hygiene 10 3.1 Recommendation 2: effective materials, technique and key times for practising 10 hand hygiene in community settings 3.2 Remarks 10 3.2.1 Hand hygiene materials 10 3.2.2 Technique 11 3.2.3 Key times 12 3.3 Rationale 13 3.3.1 Hand hygiene materials 13 3.3.2 Technique 14 3.3.3 Key times 14 4. Core requirements for hand hygiene in community settings 15 4.1 Recommendation 3: core requirements for practising hand hygiene in community settings 15 4.2 Remarks 15 4.2.1 Core requirement (a): Minimum material needs 17 4.2.2 Core requirement (b): Information on why, when and how to clean hands. 19 4.2.3 Core requirement (c): A conducive environment 21 4.3 Rationale 25 4.3.1 Identifying the core requirements for hand hygiene in community settings 25 4.3.2 Defining the core requirements 26Contents 5. Government measures to strengthen hand hygiene systems: 27 implementation guidance 5.1 Framework for a system to deliver core requirements for hand hygiene 27 5.1.1 Services 29 5.1.2 Enabling environment 29 5.1.3 Institutional and structural factors 31 5.2 System actors and their roles and responsibilities 32 5.2.1 Local administration 32 5.2.2 Service providers 33 5.3 Integration of hand hygiene within related policy areas 36 6. Methods used for developing these Guidelines 37 6.1 Contributors and management of conflicts of interest 37 6.1.1 Guideline Steering Committee 37 6.1.2 Guideline Development Group 37 6.1.3 Systematic review team 38 6.1.4 Guideline methodologist 38 6.1.5 Champion Country Working Group 38 6.1.6 Product Design and Impact team 38 6.1.7 External review group 38 6.1.8 Management of conflicts of interest 38 6.2 Recommendation development process 39 6.2.1 Scoping and question formulation 39 6.2.2 Evidence retrieval, assessment and synthesis 40 6.2.3 Evidence grading 42 6.2.4 EtD framework 42 6.2.5 GDG meetings 43 6.3 Implementation guidance development process 45 6.3.1 Scoping 45 6.3.2 Evidence retrieval and synthesis 45 7. Research needs 46References 47Annex 1. Key questions and outcomes for the recommendations 53Annex 2. Systematic reviews 58Annex 3. GDG judgements related to the recommendations 60Annex 4. Recommendation strength and quality of evidence 61Web annex. Evidence