兰德-储备组件关税状态改革-对国民警卫队和预备役人员激活和补偿新结构的分析贡献（英）

AGNES GEREBEN SCHAEFER, LISA M. HARRINGTON, THOMAS BUSH, THOMAS GOUGHNOUR, MOLLY DUNIGAN, JOHN D. WINKLERReserve Component Duty Status ReformAnalytical Contributions to a New Construct for Activating and Compensating Members of the National Guard and ReservesM ilitary members in the United States serve in either the regular component within one of the six armed forces (U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Space Force, and U.S. Coast Guard) or in one of seven reserve components (the Army National Guard of the United States, the Army Reserve, the Navy Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Air Force Reserve, and the Coast Guard Reserve). The purpose of these reserve compo-nents is to “provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national secu-rity may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components” (10 U.S. Code [U.S.C.] § 10102). The Army National Guard and the Air National Guard also have a state role, operating under the KEY FINDINGS ■ Past efforts to reform the duty status system have focused on several main problems, including pay, allowances, and benefits that differ depending on duty status, which lead to inequities in these areas. ■ Among the many consequences of the current system, service members may experience disruptions in pay and benefits from one duty status to another; the budgeting process is based on duty status distinctions that complicate the allocation of resources and obscure the understanding of the work; and the criteria for determining statuses can make it difficult for commanders to call reserve component members to duty. ■ A proposed duty construct of four broad categories provides for volunteers and members being involuntarily ordered to duty for a contingency operation. As long as members carry out assignments in the same category, even if they move from one purpose to another, they maintain the same pay and benefits package. ■ Most changes in the proposed construct impose no change in cost. Cost estimates included early access to TRICARE, reduced age for retirement, federal employee differential pay, and reserve income replacement, among other factors.Research Report2control of their governor, responding to domestic emergencies.Throughout the nation’s history, the roles and functions performed by the reserve components have evolved to accommodate different types of military service. Distinctions among these types of military service date back to the Colonial period. For instance, in 1792, the Second Congress of the United States passed the Second Militia Act of 1792, which differentiated between men called to “service” (which required them to bring their knapsacks) and those called to “exercise” (which did not require them to bring their knapsacks) (Wexford