兰德-通过三方合作确保韩国关键矿产供应链的安全-供应链网络评估、供应链合作和经济安全的分析和工具（英）

FABIAN VILLALOBOS, ZOHAN HASAN TARIQ, ANUJIN NERGUI, ELISA YOSHIARA, JINYOUNG LEE, MINA POLLMANN, HARRIET GOERS, BRUCE W. BENNETTSecuring South Korea’s Critical Minerals Supply Chains Through Trilateral CooperationAnalysis and Tools for Supply Chain Net Assessment, Supply Chain Cooperation, and Economic SecurityResearch ReportFor more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA4000-1.About RANDRAND is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org.Research IntegrityOur mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/research-integrity.RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.© 2025 RAND Corporation is a registered trademark.Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis publication and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited; linking directly to its webpage on rand.org is encouraged. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research products for commercial purposes. For information on reprint and reuse permissions, visit www.rand.org/about/publishing/permissions.RR-A4000-1iii About This Report South Korea, Japan, and the United States’ trilateral partnership has expanded to include collaboration on economic security, including on critical minerals supply chains (CMSCs). This report offers analysis and ideas to strengthen CMSC trilateral collaboration. We analyze CMSC vulnerabilities and policy approaches for each country, provide case studies of potential trilateral engagement with India and Mongolia, and identify potential opportunities for and barriers to trilateral cooperation. This report should be of interest to South Korean, Japanese, and U.S. policymakers and to resea