促进中欧绿色与可持续金融合作（英文）

SUMMARYw Energy transition is an essential element of the global effort to meet the objectives set out in the 2016 Paris Agreement on climate change. China and the European Union (EU) have agreed to work together to help deliver the financing needed to achieve energy transition, but more is needed.To promote China–EU co operation, this SIPRI Policy Brief recommends: (a) explor­ing a dedicated China–EU green finance initiative; (b) present­ing a joint China–EU proposal on clear definitions and standards of sustainable green financing to the International Partner ship on Sustainable Finance; (c) generating a joint curriculum to train staff in multilateral development banks, private investment banks, insurance companies and green banks; (d) pursuing joint finance for projects that find private capital difficult to attract; and (e) deploying independent evaluation teams to scrutinize how rating systems are applied in energy transition projects.PROMOTING CHINA–EUROPEAN UNION COOPERATION ON GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE FINANCEian anthony, jingdong yuan and sun xiaFebruary 2021SIPRI Policy BriefEnergy transition is an essential element of the global effort to meet the objectives set out in the 2016 Paris Agreement on climate change. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), limiting the global mean temperature rise to below 2°C is only possible with ‘an energy transition of exceptional scope, depth and speed’.1 A global energy transition of this scale requires more finance, and that finance must be better targeted and must draw on public and private sources. The shortfall in investment in future energy projects is estimated at $20 trillion (€16.5 trillion) between 2020 and 2050. Furthermore, not all of the $75 trillion (€62 trillion) already allocated is adapted to achieve energy transition.2 Most spending will be in China, the United States and countries in Europe—which are among the top carbon emitters 1 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Perspectives for the Energy Transition: Investment Needs for a Low-Carbon Energy System (OECD/IEA and IRENA: Paris, 2017).2 The cost estimates are taken from Press, E. et al., Transforming the Energy System: And Holding the Line on the Rise of Global Temperatures (IRENA: Abu Dhabi, 2019).globally—but the global energy system will have to be transformed alongside domestic and regional efforts. This SIPRI Policy Brief outlines how China and the EU can meet their responsibility to scale-up, mobilize and direct the finance needed to transition to low-carbon solutions. It focuses on the incentives and disincentives that regulators in China and in the EU are creating in their respective jurisdictions and the measures that might be available to close differ-ences in approach in order to boost investment to the necessary levels. In 2020 China made a commit-m