缘政治竞争时代的中欧互联互通（英文）

SIPRI Policy Paper March 202159CHINA–EU CONNECTIVITY IN AN ERA OF GEOPOLITICAL COMPETITIONian anthony, jiayi zhou, jingdong yuan, fei su and jinyung kimSTOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTESIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public.The Governing Board is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute.GOVERNING BOARDAmbassador Jan Eliasson, Chair (Sweden) Dr Vladimir Baranovsky (Russia) Espen Barth Eide (Norway) Jean-Marie Guéhenno (France) Dr Radha Kumar (India) Ambassador Ramtane Lamamra (Algeria) Dr Patricia Lewis (Ireland/United Kingdom) Dr Jessica Tuchman Mathews (United States)DIRECTORDan Smith (United Kingdom)Signalistgatan 9SE-169 72 Solna, SwedenTelephone: + 46 8 655 9700Email: sipri@sipri.orgInternet: www.sipri.orgChina–EU Connectivity in an Era of Geopolitical CompetitionSIPRI Policy Paper No. 59ian anthony, jiayi zhou, jingdong yuan, fei su and jinyung kimMarch 2021© SIPRI 2021All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of SIPRI or as expressly permitted by law.ContentsPreface vAcknowledgements viSummary viiAbbreviations ix1. Introduction 12. The evolving approach to connectivity 5Connectivity in China and the European Union 6The changing utility of connectivity 83. The evolving China–European Union relationship 11The European Union perspective on evolving relations with China 12Chinese perspectives on evolving relations with the European Union 15Shared interests 19Areas of divergence 20The effect of the United States factor and transatlantic ties on 22China–European Union relations 4. Transportation connectivity 25Overlapping frameworks and priorities 26A range of actors and interests 27China’s investments in multimodal transport linkages 29Security policy considerations and concerns in the transport sector 325. Digital connectivity 35Dialogue between China and the European Union on the digital economy 36Dialogue between the European Union and the United States on management 37of digital security risks Recent security-related developments in digital connectivity in 40the European Union Action at the national level 416. Conclusions 45Recommendations 47PrefaceInternational politics are currently characterized by tensions and disagreements among major powers that hinder common action on major challenges, including the climate crisis and pandemic disease. The European Union (EU) is becoming more concerned with the challenges that an increasingly assertive China poses to the rules and norms of the liberal international order that the EU supports. Simultaneously, China is recognizing the sharper tone in EU policy dis