亚开行-亚太地区适应性和冲击反应性社会保护（英）

ADB BRIEFSAdaptive and Shock-Responsive Social Protection in Asia and the PacificKEY POINTS• Asia and the Pacific is among the most vulnerable regions in the world to shocks and stresses. Marginalized groups such as women, girls, and people with disabilities are typically worst impacted.• Adaptive social protection helps build resilience to shocks and stresses, through improved links between social protection, disaster risk management, and climate change adaptation. It should address how vulnerability to shocks is exacerbated by existing forms of marginalization. • Effective adaptive social protection requires system-wide investments to strengthen robustness of routine provisions, and to develop or expand adaptive provisions.• Policy-level investments can enhance strategic and institutional arrangements for adaptive social protection across key sectors. Existing and new programs can be designed and/or redesigned to help vulnerable populations to effectively anticipate, absorb, and adapt to shocks and stress in the longer term. Delivery systems can be strengthened to sustain routine programming in times of disruption and to implement additional adaptive provisions.BUILDING RESILIENCE THROUGH ADAPTIVE AND SHOCK-RESPONSIVE SOCIAL PROTECTIONAdaptive and shock-responsive social protection are among the key strategic objectives for social protection activities of the Asian Development Bank (ADB 2022a).1 This brief aims to clarify what is meant by these terms; outlines why they are important; and provides examples of work to strengthen systems at the policy, program design, and implementation levels.2 The policy brief concludes with recommendations to further support this agenda in Asia and the Pacific. Social protection systems aim to prevent and protect people from poverty, vulnerability, and social exclusion. Historically, social protection has been associated with addressing risks faced at the household or individual level, such as poverty, ill health, or unemployment. However, there is increasing attention to the role that social protection can play alongside other sectors in addressing covariate risks, meaning large-scale shocks and stresses that affect entire communities, such as climate change, natural hazards, conflict, economic downturns, and pandemics (ADB 2022a; ADB 2022b; Costella and McCord 2023).“Adaptive social protection” refers to the integration of social protection with disaster risk management and climate change adaptation. Adaptive social protection helps build the resilience of poor and vulnerable households by investing in their capacity to prepare for, cope with, and adapt to shocks and stresses, protecting their well-being and ensuring that they do not fall into or become trapped in poverty as a result (ADB 2022a). “Shock-responsive social protection” is generally considered as a subset of adaptive social protection that focuses on the integration of social protection and disaster risk management, though in some countries it ma