国际原子能机构2025年全球核聚变展望

IAEA WORLD FUSIONOUTLOOK20253RD EDITIONIAEA WORLD FUSION OUTLOOK 2025The fusion energy landscape continues to develop at an extraordinary pace. What was once confined to experimental research and long term aspirations is now rapidly becoming a cornerstone of national energy strategies and industrial planning. Countries are formulating dedicated fusion policies, companies are selecting sites and designing the first generation of power plants, and regulatory bodies are beginning to issue tailored guidance. End users are entering into power purchase agreements, utilities are forging strategic alliances with fusion developers, and major industries — from automotive and aerospace to digital technology and conventional energy — are incorporating fusion into their long term portfolios. This convergence of scientific progress, commercial interest and policy attention marks a decisive shift: fusion energy is entering a new phase of real world implementation.The IAEA World Fusion Outlook, launched in 2023, provides a structured, authoritative view of this dynamic and fast-evolving global landscape. The 2025 edition combines cutting edge analysis of scientific and technical developments with in-depth reporting on fusion plant siting, emerging national policies, and new patterns of international collaboration and market engagement. For the first time, it also includes global modelling of fusion energy deployment, showcasing the findings of a study undertaken by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to explore how fusion could contribute to future electricity systems across a range of policy, cost and technological assumptions.Fusion energy is not advancing along a single, uniform trajectory. Instead, it is progressing through multiple parallel efforts, reflecting the diversity of technologies, approaches and regional contexts that are currently shaping the fusion industry. Today, nearly 40 countries operate active fusion programmes. Global private investment has surpassed US $10 billion. More than 160 fusion devices are now operational, under construction or planned, ranging from pilot plants aiming for demonstration in the near term FOREWORD“Fusion energy represents more than just a new power source. It is a catalyst for scientific innovation, industrial transformation and international cooperation.”IAEA Director General, Rafael Mariano Grossi to larger scale facilities laying the foundations for future industrial deployment. This diversity is a strength, enabling innovation and resilience as the field explores multiple paths towards commercialization.To foster coherence amid this growing diversity, the IAEA established the World Fusion Energy Group in 2024. This global initiative brings together public and private stakeholders, research institutions, academia and regulatory authorities to enhance dialogue, align efforts and share emerging best practices. As part of this initiative, the IAEA convened leading experts to define a set of Fusion Key Elemen