世界银行-扩大规模是如何发生的：社会援助扩张中的融资、政治经济和交付（英）

1Financing, Political Economy, and Delivery in Social Assistance ExpansionUgo Gentilini (editor)HOW SCALE-UPHAPPENS2025Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedOUTLINE510113385113114130154174EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 10 KEY MESSAGES Ugo GentiliniPART 1. Trends, issues, and select choices in financing social assistance1. HOW SCALE-UP HAPPENS: A TOUR OF THE LANDSCAPEUgo Gentilini and Colin Andrews 2. FINANCING SOCIAL ASSISTANCE: A PRIMERMartin Evans3. THE STATE OF FINANCING SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIESEmil Tesliuc, Claudia Rodriguez Alas, Usama Zafar, and Ana Sofia Martinez Cordova PART 2. Thematic deep dives: selected issues4. A SNAPSHOT OF EARMARKING ISSUES AND PRACTICESHerwig Immervoll5. SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, VAT, AND LESSONS FROM HEALTH FINANCINGCeren Ozer, Danielle Elena Bloom, and Mahvish Shaukat6. WORTH PROTECTING: RISK FINANCE TOOLS AND IDEAS FOR BETTER SOCIAL ASSISTANCEZahrah Nesbitt-Ahmed, Daniel J Clarke and Theodore Talbot7. SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AND NATURAL RESOURCES: WHAT ROLE FOR SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUNDS?Diego López and Andrew Waddington189190219282331PART 3. Explaining scale-up: fiscal, political economy and delivery lessons from six case studies 8. MACRO-FISCAL DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE EXPANSION Nicolo Bird and Emine Hanedar9. POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE EXTENSIONJayatheerth Seetharaman, Ugo Gentilini and Colin Andrews, with Sherine Al Shawarby, Pedro Arruda, Ibrahim Dia, Camilo Gudmalin, Ahsan Rana, and Neo Simutanyi10. DELIVERY SYSTEMS READINESS AND THE SCALE-UP OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCEEmma Wadie Hobson, Hrishikesh TMM Iyengar, Giorgia Valleriani and Mohamed AlmenfiABOUT THE AUTHORS4ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The report was made possible by the generous support of the Social Protection Response (SPR) Umbrella Trust Fund (formerly RSR). The team would like to thank wholeheart-edly an array of colleagues. Among them, precious peer review comments of the initial concept and/or final prod-uct were received from Yoonyoung Cho, Felix Lung, Ruslan Yemtsov, Iffath Sharif, Gabriela Inchauste, Lucian Bucur Pop, Marc Tobias Schiffbauer and David Coady, while strategic guidance was provided by Jamele Rigolini, Loli Arribas-Banos and Michal Rutkowski. The team is grateful to staff who in various capacities supported the report’s data and content development, including Tiago Falcao Silva, Josefina Posadas, Raquel Tsukada, Tamires Amorim, Gul Najam Jamy, Zaineb Majoka, Amjad Zafar Khan, Ruth Rodriguez, Yoonyoung Cho, Nadia Selim, Vandras Lilato Nyambe Mukete Luywa, Nahla Zeitoun, Souraya El Assiouty, Thomas Bossuroy, Stephanie Brunelin, Dame Seck Thiam, Malike Kendeh and Andrea Martin. Helena Makarenko was pivotal in the organization of two work-shops in Washington, DC, including the attendance of, in addition to the report’s authors, Yuko Okamura, Alexandre Kolev, Alexander Pick, Florentin Kerschbaumer, Pamela Dale,