兰德-储备成分税地位改革的潜在效益案例研究-美国国防部新冠肺炎应对措施（英）

LISA M. HARRINGTON, THOMAS BUSH, KELLY ATKINSON, NATHAN CHANDLER, GREGORY A. SCHUMACHERA Case Study on the Potential Benefits of Reserve Component Duty Status ReformThe U.S. Department of Defense’s COVID-19 ResponseIn January 2020, the first case of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in the United States, and concerns quickly grew that the country’s health care system would be over-whelmed with cases of infection by the novel virus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). By March 2020, National Guard and Reserve members were participating in the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic sweeping the country. From the very outset of the nation’s response, the complexity of reserve component duty statuses caused challenges in not only mobilizing National Guard and Reserve members but also fund-ing those mobilizations, ensuring that members received appropriate benefits associated with their time on duty, and demobilizing the members. For instance, on March 13, 2020, President Donald Trump declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emer-gency (Trump, 2020a; Ott, 2021, p. 1). On March 22, 2020, the President issued a memorandum authorizing 100 percent federal funding for full-KEY FINDINGS■ National Guard and Reserve personnel mobilized and utilizedduring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic madekey contributions to provision of medical care, logistics andadministration of care facilities, testing, vaccine administration,and mortuary affairs. The National Guard mobilized a much largershare of personnel to the pandemic response than did the servicereserves.■ Under the current duty status system, reserve component person-nel mobilized in response to COVID-19 experienced hardships intheir experiences activating, accessing benefits, and demobilizing.■ The U.S. Department of Defense’s proposed reformed duty con-struct, which as of mid-2025 is pending submission in a futurelegislative cycle, consolidates the overly complex and problematiccurrent system of duty statuses into four broad duty categories.This construct would alleviate many of the inequities and hard-ships that reserve component personnel experienced during theCOVID-19 response and streamline and clarify pathways for mobi-lizing reserve component members in emergency scenarios.Research Report2time National Guard duty for National Guard mem-bers mobilized for COVID-19 response activities in certain states, which was subsequently expanded to include all states and territories and the District of Colombia (Ott, 2021). “The Trump administra-tion initially authorized full-time National Guard duty, but only for 30-day periods. If the mission was approved for extension, the administration would issue new orders for successive periods of the same length” (Ott, 2021, p. 2). However, when deployed under 30-day full-time National Guard duty orders, National Guard mem-bers and their families do not qualify for certain benefits, such as U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)