世界银行-滋养未来：通过南亚的食品系统解决肥胖问题（英）

Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized©2025 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved.This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution: Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025. Nourishing Tomorrow: Addressing Obesity through Food Systems in South Asia. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. List of Figures IAcknowledgements iiAbbreviations iiiDefinitions ivExecutive Summary vii1. Overview 1 Purpose and Scope of this Report 2 Outline 22. South Asia in Transition 3 2.1 Disease Transition 3 2.2 Nutrition Transition 7 2.3 Dietary Transition 8 2.4 Transitioning Lifestyles 123. Obesity and NCDs in Southeast Asia: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 144. Food Systems and Obesity: From Plate to Weight 19 4.1 Food Systems Framework 20 4.2 Data Sources and Methodology 23 4.3 Findings 24 4.3.1 Individual Factors and Consumer Behaviors (IFCB) 25 4.3.2 Food Environments and Supply Chains (FESC) 27 4.3.3 Dietary Intake 29 4.3.4 External Drivers 32 4.4 Discussion 365. Looking Forward 39 Bibliography 42LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2.1 Percent of Total Deaths and DALYs Caused by NCDs in Different Regions and South Asian CountriesFigure 2.2 Diabetes Death and DALY Rates in South Asian Countries Over TimeFigure 2.3 DALYs At