麦肯锡-量子一年：从2025年从概念到现实（英）

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARYAny use of this material without specific permission of McKinsey & Company is strictly prohibitedJune 2025Quantum Technology MonitorMcKinsey & Company2What can you find in this report?Note: Quantum Technology Monitor 2025 is based on research from numerous data sources (including, but not limited to, Crunchbase, expert interviews, PitchBook, Quantum Computing Report, S&P Capital IQ, and McKinsey analysis); minor data deviations may exist due to updates of the respective databases; data captured is up to and including March 2025.Sections of the Monitor Technological innovations and breakthroughs in QT, including view on intellectual property (IP) and publications Revised internal market size and value at stake Updated insights on the private and public investment landscape QT innovation clusters and QC start-ups QC value chain, particularly on equipment and component manufacturers  Deep dive into QComm QT impact on cutting-edge technology, including AI and machine learning, robotics, sustainability and climate tech, and cryptography and cybersecurityAn overview of the continuously evolving quantum technology (QT) market—including investments, competitive landscape, and economic activities—covering quantum computing (QC), quantum communication (QComm), and quantum sensing (QS); see page 4 for definitions of these areasDefinitive and exhaustive list of start-ups, investment, and economic activities in the QT spaceOverview of the maturity of the QT ecosystem and the use of QT in the broader industry context, based on current application of the technology and patent and publication activityMcKinsey & Company3Introduction Innovations and breakthroughsInnovations and breakthroughsMarket size and value at stakeMarket size and value at stakeInvestment landscapeInvestment landscapePrivate funding Private fundingPublic announcements Public announcementsClusters and start-upsClusters and start-upsValue chainValue chainDeep dive into QCommDeep dive into QCommQT impact on cutting-edge technologiesQT impact on cutting-edge technologiesMethodology and acknowledgmentsMethodology and acknowledgmentsContentsMcKinsey & Company4Quantum technology encompasses the three subfields of computing, communication, and sensing.Quantum computingA new computing paradigm leveraging the laws of quantum mechanics to provide significant performance improvement for certain applications and enable new territories of computing compared to existing classical computing 1.Quantum cryptography draws on the exchange of a secret key to encrypt messages based on the quantum mechanical phenomenon of entanglement. Unlike classical cryptographic protocol, it is in principle not possible to “eavesdrop” on messages exchanged with quantum cryptography without detection. However, early implementations have been shown to have some weaknesses—eg, due to physical implementations of the protocols.Quantum communicationThe secure transfer of quantum information across