世界银行-评估社会保护的适应性，提高蒙古牧民应对气候冲击的能力（英）

May 2025ASSESSING THE ADAPTABILITY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCING HERDER RESILIENCE AGAINST CLIMATE SHOCKS IN MONGOLIAPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedAssessing the adaptability of social protection and enhancing herder resilience against climate shocks in Mongolia22. Assessment of the adaptability of the social protection system in Mongolia3May 2025ASSESSING THE ADAPTABILITY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCING HERDER RESILIENCE AGAINST CLIMATE SHOCKS IN MONGOLIAAssessing the adaptability of social protection and enhancing herder resilience against climate shocks in Mongolia4© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reservedThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.iiiContentsForewordivAcknowledgementsvAcronyms and AbbreviationsviExecutive Summaryviii 1 BACKGROUND11.1 Poverty, vulnerability, and climate shocks11.2 The role of adaptive social protection in responding to covariate shocks41.3 Purpose of this report51.4 Conceptual and analytical framework for the ASP assessment61.5 Methodology71.6 Report Structure7 2 ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTABILITY OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM IN MONGOLIA92.1 Institutional arrangements and partnerships102.1.1 Government leadership and coordination112.1.2 Laws and strategies152.2 Programs and delivery systems182.2.1 Analysis of social assistance programs with regard to ASP192.2.2 Government social protection response to COVID-19 shocks and subsequent high inflation192.2.3 Emergency (humanitarian) assistance212.2.4 Delivery systems222.3 Data and information management systems242.3.1 Appraisal of existing information systems for the purposes of ASP242.3.2 Access by non-government actors to information282.4 Financing29 3 ASP FOR POOR AND VULNERABLE DZUD- AFFECTED HERDERS333.1 Programs and delivery systems343.1.1 Government schemes353.1.2 Non-government schemes373.1.3 Delivery systems393.2 Information Systems and Data403.2.1 Data and systems that are relevant for dzud response403.2.2 Early warning systems413.3 Other challenges faced by herders433.3.1 Index-based livestock insurance433.3.2 Other challenges not directly related to social protection45 4 RECOMMENDATIONS474.1 Recommendations for the social protection system in relation to covariate shocks484.1.1 Policies and institutional arrangements484.1.2 Programs an