麦肯锡-什么是微移动？(英)

What is micromobility?Micromobility refers to lightweight vehicles—typically electric—used for short-distance urban transportation. These vehicles provide a sustainable and flexible alternative to cars, helping to reduce traffic congestion and carbon emissions.April 2025McKinsey ExplainersMicromobility refers to transportation via lightweight vehicles—including bicycles, e-bikes, electric kick scooters (e-scooters), and two-wheeled electric mopeds—that are used for short-distance travel. These vehicles can be either human-powered or electric and can be privately owned or shared. If you live in a city, you’ve likely seen evidence of micromobility’s rapid and recent growth: orderly racks of Citi Bikes in New York City, Lime scooters piled on the sidewalks of Berlin, or something in between. Cities, and the organizations they partner with, are offering micromobility vehicles as efficient, flexible, and environmentally friendly transportation options in urban environments.The global micromobility market is on the upswing. McKinsey estimates that the market was worth about $160 billion in 2022; by 2030, it’s estimated to reach $340 billion. In some regions, micromobility is set to more than double in size, including in Europe (reaching $140 billion), South Asia ($45 billion), and the Middle East and Africa ($20 billion). Greater China’s micromobility market is expected to double to $80 billion, and North America is on track for more modest, though still explosive, growth (reaching $35 billion, up from $20 billion in 2022).Learn more about McKinsey’s Center for Future Mobility.What problems does micromobility help to solve?Micromobility aims to solve a major problem: that most of the world’s vehicles (about 1.3 billion were in use in 2023) are privately owned. As a result, global urban infrastructure is strained. Drivers in Munich waste an average of 87 hours in traffic every year, while in prepandemic Los Angeles, the number of wasted hours averaged 119 per year. Private vehicles exacerbate roadway congestion because they accommodate fewer passengers than public transportation or other shared options. And according to 2022 analysis from McKinsey’s Center for Future Mobility, private cars were still used in 45 percent of all trips (Exhibit 1).Exhibit 1What is micromobility?2The reality of private-car ownership and congestion creates more than just traffic-related annoyances. Private-car ownership necessitates parking garages and parking spaces on valuable urban land that could otherwise be used for parks or other amenities. And more roads and infrastructure mean more spending on maintenance and operations. Most critically, of course, the high rates of private-car ownership contribute to increased carbon emissions.What are the key trends and areas of growth in micromobility?In urban areas, shared e-scooters and bikes are becoming increasingly popular—driven by both a growing demand for more sustainable forms of transport and technological advancements t