世界银行-释放家庭调查在衡量妇女获得社会保护方面的潜力：2025年社会保护状况报告背景文件6（英）

SOCIAL PROTECTIONNo. 2513 | MARCH 2025DISCUSSION PAPERUnlocking the Potential of Household Surveys to Measure Women’s Access to Social Protection Claudia P. Rodriguez Alas Ana Verónica López Ingrid MujicaState of Social Protection Report 2025The 2-billion-Person Challenge Background Paper #6Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: +1 (202) 473 1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org.This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONSThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: +1 (202) 522 2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.STATE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION REPORT 2025 | 1ABSTRACTThis paper uses household survey data from 27 countries to assess sex-differentiated access to social protection programs and their impact on mitigating gender gaps in the labor market. The analysis includes indicators of coverage, distribution of social protection recipients, and adequacy of benefits, all disaggregated by sex, to estimate two indices. The first index assesses gender inequalities in the provision of social protection benefits and ranks countries by their level of ‘gender progressivity’. The second index measures the net earnings received by men and women from both labor and social protection transfers, quantifying whether the social protection system reduces or exacerbates labor market gender inequalities. This paper demonstrates the construction and interpretation of these indices and provides practical recommendations for adapting household surveys to collect the data needed to scale them across emerging and developing economies.JEL Codes: J16, J29, I38, O15Keywords: Gender, gender gaps, social protection, social protection systems, social protection benefits, social assistance, social insurance, coverage, average per capita transfer, incidence, labor markets, labor earnings, labor participation.2 | STATE OF SOCIAL PROTECTI