世界银行-氢及其主要衍生物的安全方面：政策制定者的文献综述（英）

A KNOWLEDGE NOTE SERIES FOR THE ENERGY & EXTRACTIVES GLOBAL PRACTICE2025/142FEBRUARY 2025Safety aspects of hydrogen and its main derivatives: A literature review for policy makersAuthorThe bottom line. This Live Wire focuses on safety concerns associated with hydrogen and its main derivatives: ammonia and methanol. After an exhaustive review of the literature and measures on hydrogen safety, the study summarized here found robust, well-established standards developed by reputable institutions. This brief emphasizes the critical importance of adhering to these standards and encourages their full implementation to ensure effective and consistent safety practices.Since hydrogen is not found in its free form in nature, it must be produced. Clean hydrogen—produced from renewable energy sources and fossil fuels with responsible carbon cap-ture and storage—can play an important role in the global energy transition, accelerating progress toward global cli-mate goals. As an energy carrier, hydrogen can be used to store, move, and deliver energy. Derivative chemical products with high added value, such as ammonia or methanol, can also be obtained from hydrogen. These derivatives enable efficient storage and transport of hydrogen, making them crucial components in the shift toward sustainable energy systems. By leveraging these technologies, industries can reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to a more sustainable future.The deployment of clean hydrogen is particularly important for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors, such as steel pro-duction and long-haul transportation. But as global efforts to develop clean hydrogen intensify, it is essential to guaran-tee that risks are managed effectively.Carmen Conde Pardavila is an energy analyst with the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program at the World BankIn a word… Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe Since its discovery almost 250 years ago by Henry Cavendish and Antoine Lavoisier, hydrogen has been seen as a tool of progress. Currently, hydrogen is used in many different appli-cations, but not directly; instead, most applications use its two main derivatives, ammonia and methanol. Hydrogen produced from renewable sources can provide environmentally clean, affordable, and secure fuel for electricity generation, transportation, and other sectors (Tchouvelev 2016). While it holds immense potential to rev-olutionize the energy sector, it also presents unique safety challenges that must be addressed to ensure it is produced, stored, and utilized safely (DOE 2016). Widespread adoption of hydrogen requires understanding its properties and the associated safety concerns.Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedSafety aspects of hydrogen and its main derivatives: A literature review for policy makers2This brief offers an overview of the main risks associated with hydrogen and its primary derivatives, amm