麦肯锡数字量子技术监测

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARYAny use of this material without specific permission of McKinsey & Company is strictly prohibitedQuantum Technology MonitorApril 2024McKinsey & Company2What can you find in this report?Continuously evolving overview of the quantum technology (QT) market (including investments, competitive landscape, and economic activities), covering quantum computing (QC), quantum communication (QComm), and quantum sensing (QS); see the next page for definitions of these areasDefinitive and exhaustive list of the start-up, investment, and economic activities in the QT spaceOverview of the maturity of the QT ecosystem and the use of QT in the broader industry context, based on current application of the technology and patent and publication activityNote: The Quantum Technology Monitor 2024 is based on research from numerous data sources (including, but not limited to, CapitalIQ, Crunchbase, PitchBook, Quantum Computing Report, expert interviews, and McKinsey analysis); minor data deviations may exist due to updates of the respective databases; data captured is up to and including December 2023.New additions to the Monitor!Updated insights on the investment landscape (pp. 10–25)!Revised internal market size and value at stake (pp. 26–30)!Technological breakthroughs in QT (pp. 31–33)!Global research and IP landscape (pp. 34–42)!Regional perspective on quantum technology (QT) in North America (pp. 43–45), Asia (pp. 46–52), and Europe (pp. 53–60)!Deep dive on QT innovation clusters (pp. 61–66)!Technology deep dives for QC including quantum control and benchmarking (pp. 67–84)!Perspectives on technology and applications for QComm (pp. 85–90), QS (pp. 91–97), and quantum and AI (pp. 98–100)McKinsey & Company3Definitions: Quantum technology encompasses the three subfields of computing, communication, and sensing.Source: McKinsey analysisQuantum computing (QC) is a new computing paradigm leveraging the laws of quantum mechanics to provide significant performance improvement for certain applications and enable new territories of computing compared to existing classical computing. Quantum communication (QComm) is the secure transfer of quantum information1 across distances and could ensure security of communication even in the face of unlimited (quantum) computing power.2 Quantum sensing (QS) is a new generation of sensors based on quantum systems that provide measurements of various quantities (eg, electromagnetic fields, gravity, time) that are orders of magnitude more sensitive than classical sensors.1Quantum information differs from classical information, where information is stored as quantum states in qubits. Qubits are the unit of information for QC and are an extension of the classical bit (the unit of information for classical computing)2Quantum cryptography draws on the exchange of a secret key to encrypt messages based on the quantum mechanical phenomenon of entanglement. Unlike any classical cryptographic protocol, it is in principle