世界银行-利用建筑法规降低灾害风险，加强私营部门的抗灾能力（英）

Using Building Regulations to Lower Risks from Disastersand Strengthen Private Sector Resilience Gina Cardenas and Giovanni Biasiucci*sing data from the World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2024 project and the United Nations University’s World Risk Index (WRI), this Brief fnds that streamlined, transparent building regulations can lower disaster risks across income levels––primarily by enhancing economies’ capacities to anticipate, prepare for, recover, and learn from natural shocks. Tis also helps frms reduce disruptions to their operations. Yet building regulations alone are not enough. Accessible public services (such as digital platforms, hazard mapping, and simplifed permitting processes) are essential enablers that lower the cost of compliance with regulations, encourage adherence, and help make buildings safer and more resilient. Together, sound and efectively enforced regulations and public service delivery foster a private sector and a business environment that is more resilient to disasters—which, in turn, promotes long-term, sustainable economic growth. Te Brief emphasizes that building regulations are not just a preventive measure but a vital adaptation strategy that helps economies become disaster-ready and also more attractive to investors. UBuilding resilience for a competitive private sector Te increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters and weather events pose signifcant risks to economies worldwide (IPCC 2023), with far-reaching consequences for business growth, investment, and job creation. Over the past decade, both high- and middle-income economies have experienced an estimated US$1.5 trillion in economic losses due to storms, foods, and other natural hazards. Individual catastrophic events—like earthquakes in New Zealand and Chile—have caused losses equivalent to up to 20 percent of national GDP (OECD 2014). A major driver of these losses is the damage to infrastructure and business capital, such as buildings, equipment, and inventory. Tis damage impairs business operations, supply chains (Dai and Tang 2024), investment returns (OECD 2014), business survival rates (Basker and Miranda 2018; Zaveri, Gatti, and Islam 2024), and productivity (Goicoechea and Lang 2023; Grover and Kahn 2024; Jones et al. 2024). About 10 percent of frms around the world reported damage to physical assets from extreme weather (such as storms, foods, droughts, or landslides) as of 2023, according to the global average of World Bank Enterprise Survey data. Tis share is particularly high in disaster-prone and rapidly urbanizing regions like Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and East Asia and Pacifc (fgure 1). Evidence from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) illustrates this pattern clearly. A study of 1,300 manufacturing frms found that physical damage to ofce buildings was the primary source of disruption to their operations (Chujyo, Fujii, and Ishikawa 2013). Tis example highlights a wider trend: disasters