世界银行-斯威士兰经济更新，2025年5月：利用数字技术的潜力促进斯威士兰的增长和创造就业机会（英）

Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizediiCONTENTSABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Part 1. The State of the Economy Part 2. Harnessing Digital Technologies for the FuturePART 1. THE STATE OF THE ECONOMY 1.1 Recent Economic Developments 1.1.1 Real Sector 1.1.2 Inflation and Prices 1.1.3 Monetary Policy and Financial Sector 1.1.4 Poverty and Unemployment 1.1.5 External Sector 1.1.6 Fiscal Policy 1.2 Outlook and risks 1.2.1 Prospects 1.2.2 Risks 1.3 Three Policy Pillars: Digitizing the Economy for a Sustainable High-Growth Path and Job Creation 1.3.1 Enhance Resilience Through Effective Macroeconomic Management: Prudent Fiscal and Monetary Policy 1.3.2 Stimulate Job Creation Through Private Sector Development: Improving the Enabling Environment 1.3.3 Provide Better and More Affordable Services Through More Efficient Public Spending PART 2. HARNESSING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FUTURE 2.1 Current Digital Landscape 2.1.1 Key Drivers of Digital Development 2.1.2 Connectivity Infrastructure: Increasing Access, but Affordability Remains a Challenge 2.1.3 Digital Public Infrastructure: Building Blocks for Digital Services 2.2 Digital Services: Early Progress on a Fragmented Foundation 2.2.1 E-Government 2.2.2 E-Commerce 2.3 Digital Skills: Advanced Skills Shortages 2.4 Digital Entrepreneurship and Jobs: Unlocking Innovation Potential 2.5 Policy, Institutional, and Regulatory Environment 2.6 Digitalizing Growth Sectors: Agriculture and Tradeviviiiixixxi1124457811111314151718222323232529293031323334iii 2.6.1 Policy Options: A Reform Agenda for Inclusive Growth 2.6.2 Trade: Lowering Costs and Expanding Market Access 2.7 Policy Options 2.7.1 Policy Options: A Reform Agenda for Inclusive GrowthREFERENCESLIST OF TABLESTable 1.1. Baseline forecast, 2022 to 2027 Table 1.2. Short- and medium-term policy options Table 2.1. Projected ICT skills need, 3–5 years Table 2.2. Foundational reform agenda for digital transformation LIST OF BOXESBox 1.1. Structural weaknesses that constrain growthBox 1.2. Increasing revenue through tightening tax administrationBox 2.1. Estonia’s X-Road: A model for secure, interoperable data exchangeBox 2.2. Irembo: Rwanda’s digital gateway for public servicesBox 2.3. Mauritius: Using digital services to boost trade and create jobs LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.1. Sectoral contribution to GDP, 2019 to 2024 Figure 1.2. GDP by expenditure category, 2019 to 2024 Figure 1.3. Growth in services, 2019 to 2024 Figure 1.4. Tourist arrivals, 2019 to 2024 Figure 1.5. Inflation, Eswatini and SACU average, 2019 to 2024 Figure 1.6. Measures of inflation, 2018 to 2024 Figure 1.7. Interest rates, Eswatini and peers, 2015 to 2024 Figure 1.8. Interest rate differential with South Africa, 2015 to 2025 Figure 1.9. Poverty rates, 1994 to 2016 Figure 1.10. Unemployment rates, 2000 to 2023Figure 1.11. Structural