IMF-巴拿马：选定问题（英）

© 2025 International Monetary Fund IMF Country Report No. 25/246 PANAMA SELECTED ISSUES This paper on Panama was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on July 9, 2025. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund • Publication Services PO Box 92780 • Washington, D.C. 20090 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 • Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: publications@imf.org Web: http://www.imf.org International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. August 2025 PANAMA SELECTED ISSUES Approved ByWestern Hemisphere Department Prepared By Wim Fonteyne and Mai Hakamada, with analytical support from Natalia Martinez-Camelo. STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN PANAMA ______________________________________ 3 A. Introduction _____________________________________________________________________ 3B. Panama Canal Authority _________________________________________________________ 4C. Governance of Other State-Owned Enterprises __________________________________ 5D. Relationship with the Government Budget_______________________________________ 6E. Reporting and Accountability ____________________________________________________ 7F. Financial Performance ____________________________________________________________ 7G. Analysis of Differences Between the ACP and other State-Owned Enterprises ___ 9H. Privatization ____________________________________________________________________ 10I. Conclusions ______________________________________________________________________ 10FIGURE 1. Revenue and Profit for State-Owned Enterprises (2014-2023) ____________________ 8References _________________________________________________________________________ 12 ANNEXES I. List of State-Owned Enterprises __________________________________________________ 13II. Findings of 2021 OECD Assessment _____________________________________________ 17III. IGCP’S TOP Features of Panamanian State-Owned Enterprises _________________ 19REGIONAL INCOME DISPARITIES IN PANAMA _________________________________ 23 A. Introduction and Background ___________________________________________________ 23B. Regional Overview ______________________________________________________________ 24C. Differences in Per Capita GDP: A Bookkeeping Perspective _____________________ 24CONTENTS July 9, 2025 PANAMA 2 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND D. Factors Explaining the Differences ______________________________________________ 26 E. Conclusion _____________________________________________________________________ 29 References __________________________________________________________________________________ 30 PANAMA INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 3 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN PANAMA A. Introduction 1. Panama has a significant state-owned enterprise (SOE) sector. The sector comprises 16 non-financial enterprises and 8 financial institu