世界银行-全球燃料补贴和价格控制格局（英）

GLOBAL LANDSCAPE OF FUEL SUBSIDIES & PRICE CONTROLSA P R I L 2 0 2 5i Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedGLOBAL LANDSCAPE OF FUEL SUBSIDIES & PRICE CONTROLSA P R I L 2 0 2 5© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.Design: Lauren Johnson, GCS, World Bank GroupCONTENTSIllustrated Data ivAcknowledgments vExecutive Summary 1Section 1: Context & Motivation 4Section 2: Global Stock-take of Fuel Subsidies & Pricing Mechanisms from 2021-2025 11Section 3: Reforming Fuel Subsidies & Price Control Measures 28References 43TablesTable 1: Economies with Regulated Fuel Prices in 2025 – Frequency of Price Revisions 14Table 2: Economies Reforming Fuel Subsidies 2021–24 30ILLUSTRATED DATAFiguresFigure 1: Brent Crude Oil Spot Price 1987-December 2024 (2023 US$) 5Figure 2: Fossil Fuel Subsidies 2010 – 2023 6Figure 3: Shift in Russian oil product exports January 2022 vs September 2024 7Figure 4: Fuel Price Regulation - Global Landscape in January 2025 12Figure 5: Fuel Price Regulation and Fuel Market Conditions 15Figure 6: Frequency of Fuel Price Updates and Occurrence of Fuel Shortages in 2022 15Figure 7: Level of Gasoline Price Pass-Through (April 2020 - June 2022) 18Figure 8: Gasoline and Diesel Price Pass-through Distribution – Regulated vs. Deregulated Pric