2025年世界经济展望报告_3（英)

International Monetary Fund | April 2025 1 SPILLOVERS FROM MIGRATION AND REFUGEE POLICIES Online Annex JOURNEYS AND JUNCTIONS: SPILLOVERS FROM MIGRATION AND REFUGEE POLICIES – ONLINE ANNEXES 3 CHAPTER Online Annexes 3.1–3.5 provide the definitions, data sources, methodology, additional results, and robustness tests to complement the discussion in the main text. Online Annex 3.1. Definitions and Stylized Facts This online annex provides the definitions and characteristics of the flows and policies covered in the chapter.1 Migration and Refugee Definitions The chapter focuses on two categories of regular (authorized) cross-border human mobility: migrants and refugees.2 Migrant is a broad term, not defined in international law, often reflecting the common understanding of a person who moves away from their usual residence temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons. In the statistical context, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) defines international migrants as any person who changes his or her country of usual residence. For the purposes of this chapter, unless otherwise noted, the term migrant is used to refer to international migrants in line with the UN DESA definition and are distinguishable from refugees. As such, migrants are defined as people who choose to move across international borders not because of a direct threat of persecution, serious harm, or death, but exclusively for other reasons. The other reasons may be voluntary and/or economic in nature such as to improve their conditions by pursuing work (sometimes referred to as labor migrants) or education opportunities, or to reunite with family. Refugees are persons forced to flee their countries of origin and are in need of international protection because of feared persecution, or a serious threat to their life, physical integrity or freedom in their country of origin—for example, due to armed conflict or violence. Being unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin, refugees are afforded protection under international law including the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. Asylum seekers are persons seeking international protection and is a term used in some countries for a person who is awaiting final determination of their refugee status or a complementary international protection status.3 Not every asylum seeker is ultimately recognized as a refugee, but every refugee is initially an asylum seeker. Legally, the term refugee does not distinguish between those who have been formally recognized as refugees and those who have not. Therefore, the analysis contained in this chapter groups refugees, asylum 1 For the purpose of this chapter, definitions related to human mobility were drawn from the terms as described in the UNHCR glossary of terms. For these terms and a broader set of key definitions related to human mobility, please visit www.unhcr.org/glossary.. 2 Irregular migration is not defined in internati