英国创新报告2025（英）-剑桥工业创新政策与制造研究所

Benchmarking the UK’s industrial and innovation performance in a global contextUK INNOVATION REPORT 2025Institute for Manufacturing, University of CambridgeMarch 2025Table of contentsList of charts 3What makes the report different? 4Introduction 5Contributors and acknowledgments 7Executive summary 8Theme 1: Structure and performance of the UK economy 15Theme 2: Investment in innovation 30Theme 3: Industrial performance – international comparison 42Theme 4: Science and engineering workforce 57Theme 5: Net-zero innovation 653List of chartsTheme 1: Structure and performance of the UK economyChart 1.1. Structure of the UK economy, 2023Chart 1.2. Top 10 industries by value added and capital investmentChart 1.3. Top 10 industries by labour productivityChart 1.4. Top 10 industries by employment and salaryChart 1.5. The value of the UK manufacturing supply chainChart 1.6. Top manufacturing industries by value added and employment, 2023Chart 1.7. Top manufacturing industries by goods and services exports, 2023Chart 1.8. Top manufacturing industries by capital investment, 2023Chart 1.9. Overview of advanced manufacturing sectorsChart 1.10. Trends of advanced manufacturing sectorsAppendix 1.1. Sector classification and statistical codesAppendix 1.2. Methodology used to compute the indirect and direct value of manufacturingAppendix 1.3. Methodology used to identify advanced manufacturing sectorsTheme 2: Investment in innovationChart 2.1. R&D intensity: international comparisonChart 2.2. Overview of UK expenditure on R&DChart 2.3. UK business research and development Chart 2.4. Government financial support for business R&D in the OECD Chart 2.5. Government financial support for business R&D in G7 countriesChart 2.6. UK government R&D tax creditsChart 2.7. Top R&D-investing companies in the worldChart 2.8. Patent applications in key technology fieldsTheme 3: Industrial performance –international comparisonChart 3.1. World manufacturing value-added shares Chart 3.2. World manufacturing employment sharesChart 3.3. World manufacturing export sharesChart 3.4. International industrial competitiveness rankingsChart 3.5. Structure of manufacturing value added across G7 and ChinaChart 3.6. Value-added trends of key manufacturing sectors Chart 3.7. Employment trends of key manufacturing sectorsChart 3.8. Productivity trends of key manufacturing sectorsChart 3.9. Structure of manufacturing exports across G7 and ChinaChart 3.10. Export trends of key manufacturing sectorsChart 3.11. Global export shares in key manufacturing sectorsChart 3.12. Global value-added market shares in advanced industriesChart 3.13. Level of specialisation in advanced industriesTheme 4: Science and engineering workforceChart 4.1. Workforce mismatches in G7 countries Chart 4.2. Tertiary and vocational education attainment Chart 4.3. Graduates in STEM and health disciplinesChart 4.4. Science and techn