世界银行-拉贾斯坦邦农村非农就业：决定因素、福利效应和企业绩效（英）

Policy Research Working Paper11080Rural Non-Farm Employment in RajasthanDeterminants, Welfare Effects, and Enterprise PerformanceFrancis Addeah DarkoAkankshita DeyS. K. RitadhiAgriculture and Food Global DepartmentMarch 2025 Produced by the Research Support TeamAbstractThe Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.Policy Research Working Paper 11080This paper examines rural non-farm employment in Rajas-than, India, using multiple surveys and administrative data. The analysis covers three key aspects: individual and district-level determinants of participation in non-farm activities, the relationship between non-farm employment and household welfare, and barriers faced by rural enter-prises. The findings show that secondary education strongly predicts participation in non-farm activities, particularly in skilled service sector jobs. However, women and socially marginalized groups face significant barriers in accessing non-farm employment, especially in higher-paying occu-pations. Households with members in regular non-farm employment, particularly in services, show significantly higher consumption levels, while casual non-farm work yields welfare levels similar to agricultural labor. Rural enter-prises face multiple constraints, with lack of local demand and limited access to credit emerging as key barriers to business performance. The results suggest that although non-farm employment can substantially improve house-hold welfare, access to better-paying opportunities remains highly unequal. Policy interventions should ad-dress both human capital development and structural barriers to create more inclusive access to non-farm employment opportunities.This paper is a product of the Agriculture and Food Global Department. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. The authors may be contacted at fdarko@worldbank.org. Rural Non-Farm Employment in Rajasthan:Determinants, Welfare Effects, and EnterprisePerformanceFrancis Addeah Darko∗Akankshita Dey†S. K. Ritadhi‡JEL: J43, O17, R23Keywords: Non-farm employment, welfare, enterprise, rural∗Economist, World Bank, Washington, DC. Email: fdarko@worldbank.org†Consultant, Worl