世界银行-花得更好，花得更多：如何让教育支出对巴基斯坦儿童有意义（英）

SPEND BETTER, SPEND MOREHow to Make Education Expenditures Count for Children in PakistanSouth Asia Region Education Global Practice The World Bank Juan D. Barón, Mary Bend, Fahad Mirza, Nimra Afzal, Hirut Wolde, Nadeem HussainPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedACKNOWLEDGMENTSLed by Senior Economist Juan D. Barón, the team comprised Mary (May) Bend, Fahad Mirza, Nimra Afzal, Hirut Wolde, and Nadeem Hussain, who contributed substantial technical inputs, data analysis, recommendations, and content development for the report. Elizabeth Salud and Insiya Syed provided design and photography, respectively. Special thanks to Maria Qazi who supported the poverty analysis in the report. This report has benefited from innumerable discussions over four years of policy dialogue with provincial and federal governments, local and international development partners, private sector, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders committed to improve education for all children in Pakistan.For enriching our consultations, we express our gratitude to the Additional Secretary and the Coordination & Implementation Lead at the Ministry of Federal Education & Professional Training (MOFEPT), Secretaries from Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan Education Departments and staff from all provincial Planning and Development Departments, research firms, civil society organizations, and international development partners including FCDO, UNICEF, UNHCR, USAID, and JICA, among others. Representatives from Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi (ITA), Institute of Social & Policy Sciences (I-SAPS), Tabadlab, Cambridge Partnership for Education (CPE), and Pak Alliance for Maths & Science (PAMS); civil society organizations like Malala Fund, Pakistan Coalition for Education (PCE), Global Sightsavers, and Special Talent Exchange Program (STEP) all provided valuable input during consultations. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all those who contributed to the report in different capacities. The report was enriched by technical inputs from Freya Perry and Saima Anwer, both Education Advisors at the FCDO. The report incorporated parental and household perspectives on education financing in Pakistan, thanks to Ipsos Pakistan and Lauren Nicole Dahlin, a consultant at the World Bank. Our analysis was enhanced by their data collection efforts via a national phone survey, and the views and opinions of nearly 2,000 households across Pakistan about the state of Pakistan’s education system. We are also appreciative of the support, facilitation, technical and policy knowledge, and continuous support of our World Bank colleagues, including Toby Linden, Izza Farrakh, Maliha Hyder, Inga Afanasieva, Elena Roseo, Puteri Watson, Irfan Muzzafar, Saqib Farooq, Mariem Rahim, Nimra Tariq, Jessica Lee, Ariana Maria Del Mar Grossi, and Daniela Monsalve Farias, among many others. We thank colleagues Uzma Quresh and Mishk