艾昆纬-肥胖：关键管道开发和临床试验见解（英）

Obesity: Key Pipeline Developments and Clinical Trial Insights IQVIA Pipeline Link/Trial Link — September 2024DR. HARI KRISHNA MYLAPPAGARI, Senior Insights Associate, Pipeline Link/Trial Link, IQVIA SHIVAM SHUKLA, Insights Associate, Pipeline Link/Trial Link, IQVIAOver the years, several anti-obesity medications have reached the market but failed after widespread use due to serious adverse effects, including cardiovascular events, suicidality, abuse, dependence, and cancer.ArticleObesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health. Obesity heightens the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), heart disease and certain cancers. It can impact bone health, reproduction, morbidity, disability, and quality of life.1 The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study estimates that obesity contributed to approximately 5 million deaths globally.2 Over the years, several anti-obesity medications (AOM) have reached the market but failed after widespread use due to serious adverse effects, including cardiovascular events, suicidality, abuse, dependence, and cancer. Advancements have been made in elucidating the role of entero-pancreatic hormones in the regulation of feeding, appetite and glycemia that has led to the development of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists as safe and effective treatments for T2DM and obesity.The first GLP1R agonist to reach the market since 2014 for obesity was Novo Nordisk’s semaglutide (WEGOVY), which was approved by the US FDA in June 2021. Semaglutide quickly emerged as a blockbuster, reaching sales of USD 7.73 billion in 2023. Later two other drugs were approved for the treatment of obesity — Lilly’s tirzepatide (ZEPBOUND), a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR)/GLP1R co-agonist, and Rhythm Pharmaceuticals’ setmelanotide (IMCIVREE), a melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonistic peptide.3This article provides an update on current treatment options for obesity and outlines the latest development activities, including ongoing clinical trials of key experimental drugs with data sourced from IQVIA Pipeline Link and IQVIA Trial Link. Obesity measurement and prevalenceOverweight and obesity are commonly measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI thresholds for obesity vary by age and gender in infants, children, and adolescents. Obesity arises from an energy imbalance due to diet, physical activity, medications, diseases, and genetic factors. According to the World Health Organization, a BMI of 25 or more is considered overweight, and 30 or more is defined as obesity in adults. In 2022, 16% of adults (18 years and older) and 8% of children and adolescents (5 to 19 years) were affected by obesity.4Treatment options for obesityAs obesity is a chronic condition with associated morbidity and mortality, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. Therapeutic options include lifestyle modifications (yielding up to 10% weight loss), pharmacotherapy and bariatric surger