兰德-以受害者为中心打击人口贩运的文献综述（英）

MELISSA M. LABRIOLA, NASTASSIA REED, ANNA WHITE HEWITTLiterature Review on a Victim-Centered Approach to Countering Human TraffickingThe 2021 U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary’s memo to DHS agency and office leaders describes the need to institutionalize a victim-centered approach, described as an “approach, which recognizes that restoring victims’ security and autonomy benefits both victims and law enforcement. A victim-centered approach seeks to minimize C O R P O R A T I O NKEY FINDINGS ■ A victim-centered approach is centered in a culture of continuous learning and collaboration. ■ Most victim identification screening tools are implemented in clinical settings by clinical pro-viders or social workers. ■ Understanding the risk factors, understanding how an individual’s exposure to trauma affects cognition, and recognizing common symptoms of trauma can inform agents in their daily work. ■ Building a workforce capable of using trauma-informed and victim-centered approaches relies on effective training programs to build knowledge, capacity, and skills. ■ Key skills to develop through training include avoiding retraumatization, building relationships with survivors, working with a diverse population, and conducting effective interviews with survivors. ■ During training, alternatives to standard lectures can be valuable to encourage participation and skill retention. ■ Implementation of a victim-centered approach requires organizational change and an over-arching framework that affects every step and person within the system. ■ The depth of knowledge about human trafficking, including prevalence rates and successful intervention methods, points to the difficulties in operationalizing an evidence-based, victim-centered approach. Research ReportC O R P O R A T I O NResearch Report2AbbreviationsACEadverse childhood experienceCCHTCenter for Countering Human TraffickingDHSU.S. Department of Homeland SecurityICEU.S. Immigration and Customs EnforcementPTSDposttraumatic stress disorderSAMHSASubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrationadditional trauma, mitigate undue penalization, and provide needed stability and support to victims. A victim-centered approach both equips and encour- ages victims of crime to participate actively in inves- tigations, enabling law enforcement to better detect, investigate, and prosecute perpetrators” (DHS, 2021).The DHS Center for Countering Human Traf-ficking (CCHT) commissioned a literature review to understand what is already known about a victim-centered approach within a law enforcement setting. The CCHT intends to incorporate these evidence-based and promising practices into human traffick-ing victim identification and screening, training, law enforcement operations, and policy throughout DHS.We begin the report with a discussion of the various definitions used to discuss a victim-centered approach, and we end the report with a brief discus-sion of limitations and next steps.MethodsIn thi