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CLOSING GAPS: STRENGTHENING THE WPS AGENDA THROUGH ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT1Closing Gaps: Strengthening the Women, Peace and Security Agenda through Arms Control and DisarmamentHENRI MYRTTINEN • ANASTAESIA MONDESIR • MARIANA TERREROS LOZANOCLOSING GAPS: STRENGTHENING THE WPS AGENDA THROUGH ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT2Acknowledgements Support from UNIDIR core funders provides the foundation for all of the Institute’s activities. The Integrated Approaches – Gender and Disarmament Programme is supported by the gov-ernments of Canada, Germany, Ireland, Malta and Norway. The authors would like to extend our deepest thanks to all interviewees for generously sharing their time, knowledge, and experience, and especially thank those who provided additional written and verbal feedback. The authors are especially grateful to colleagues at UN Women and our reviewers Joana Ama Osei-Tutu, Jasmin Nario-Galace, and Prof. Aisling Swaine for their thoughtful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts. The author would also like to thank UNIDIR staff for their constructive inputs and suggestions, with special thanks to Dr. Renata Hessmann Dalaqua, Dr. Bénédicte Santoire, Hana Salama, Shimona Mohan and Alek-sandra Lankamer for their support throughout.NotesThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or con-cerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in the publication are the sole responsibility of the individual authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the United Nations, UNIDIR, its staff members, or sponsors.CitationMyrttinen, Henri, Anastaesia Mondesir, and Mariana Terreros Lozano. Closing Gaps: Strength-ening the Women, Peace and Security Agenda through Arms Control and Disarmament. Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDIR, 2025.About UNIDIRUNIDIR is a voluntarily funded, autonomous institute within the United Nations. One of the few policy institutes worldwide focusing on disarmament, UNIDIR generates knowledge and promotes dialogue and action on disarmament and security. Based in Geneva, UNIDIR assists the international community to develop the practical, innovative ideas needed to find solutions to critical security problems.About the Integrated Approaches – Gender and Disarmament ProgrammeThe Integrated Approaches – Gender and Disarmament Programme has a multi-year workplan encompassing original research to generate policy-relevant knowledge on international security initiatives that consider gender equality and youth engagement. We facilitate dialogue, build capacity and produce resource tools to support arms control and disarmament stake-holders in translating awareness of diversity and equality into practical actions. Cover Image: Congolese women welcome High Commissione