可再生能源对辅助服务和系统稳定性的贡献

Sino-German Energy Transition Project Contributions of renewables to ancillary services and system stability Review of experiences made in Germany 2 Legal information Publisher Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) German Energy Agency Chausseestraße 128 a 10115 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 (0)30 66 777 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 66 777 - 699 Email: info@dena.de Web: www.dena.de Authors dena: Katerina Simou Friederike Berger Anastasiia Komshakova DNV: Dr. Matthias Müller-Mienack Konstantinos Karamanlis Contributors Lea-Valeska Giebel, dena Last updated 11/2022 All rights reserved. All use of this publication is subject to the approval of dena. Please quote as Deutsche Energie-Agentur (dena, 2022) “Contributions of renewables to ancillary services and system stability – Review of experiences made in Germany“ The report “Contributions of renewables to ancillary services and system stability – Review of experiences made in Germany” is published by the German Energy Agency (dena) as part of the Sino-German Energy Transition Project. The project supports the exchange between Chinese government think tanks and German research institutions to strengthen the Sino-German scientific exchange on the energy transition and share German energy transition experiences with a Chinese audience. The project aims to promote a low-carbon-oriented energy policy and help to build a more effective, low-carbon energy system in China through international cooperation and mutually beneficial policy research and modelling. The project is supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) as part of the Sino-German Energy Partnership, the central platform for energy policy dialogue between Germany and China on a national level. On the Chinese side, the National Energy Administration (NEA) supports the overall steering. The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH leads the project implementation in cooperation with the German Energy Agency (dena) and Agora Energiewende. 3 List of abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Editorial ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Ancillary services and system stability: fundamentals and definitions...................................................................... 8 1.1 What are ancillary services? .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 The importance of stability ...........