航空地面作业脱碳：替代巴士技术（英）

Decarbonizing Aviation Ground Operations: Alternative Bus TechnologiesW H I T E P A P E RN O V E M B E R 2 0 2 5Images: Adobe Stock, Unsplash +Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.© 2025 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsExecutive summaryIntroduction1 Operating buses at airports1.1 Operating profile1.2 Bus fleet ownership models2 Airport bus solutions: Technology overview and developments2.1 Technology options2.2 Key features comparison3 Total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis3.1 Reference case study and scenarios considered3.2 Scenario-based TCO results and insights3.3 Sensitivity analysisConclusionAppendix 1: MethodologyAppendix 2: Assumptions details per scenarioAppendix 3: SubsidiesContributorsEndnotes34556991114141621252627293235Decarbonizing Aviation Ground Operations: Alternative Bus Technologies2Executive summaryThis paper explores the techno-economic feasibility of replacing fossil-fuelled airport buses with alternative low-emission technologies such as retrofitted diesel-to-electric, battery-electric and hydrogen buses. The aim is to provide actionable insights for airports seeking to decarbonize ground operations and improve local air quality. Using a robust total cost of ownership (TCO) model – validated through industry research and stakeholder interviews – the analysis explores how capital, operating, maintenance and infrastructure costs affect airport bus operations and their costs. Key findings include: –Technology assessment: Retrofitted diesel vehicles with electric powertrains present a cost-effective transitional solution that enables rapid emissions reduction without the need to procure an entire fleet of battery-electric buses. Battery-electric buses offer zero tailpipe emissions and are increasingly cost-competitive over their life cycle, especially where airport routes are predictable and charging infrastructure can be efficiently deployed and operated alongside flight schedules. Hydrogen buses (using fuel cell batteries or internal combustion engines (ICE)) provide greater range and faster refuelling, making them suitable for larger airports with intensive duty cycles, though they currently face higher upfront and infrastructure costs. –TCO: The analysis, based on a reference European hub airport, reveals that retrofitted electric buses can offer the lowest TCO per kilometre (km), making them attractive for operators with budget constrain