联合国贸易发展委员会-加强各国可持续资助其发展目标的政策选择（英）

Technical and statistical reportU NI T E D NAT I O NS CO NFE R E N C E ON T R A D E A N D D E VE L OP M E N TEnhancing policy options for countries to finance their development goals sustainablyTechnical and statistical reportUNI T E D NAT I O NS CO NF E R E N C E ON T R A D E A N D D E VE L OP M E N TEnhancing policy options for countries to finance their development goals sustainablyGeneva, 2025ii© 2025, United NationsAll rights reserved worldwideRequests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright Clearance Centre at copyright.com.All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to:United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail: publications@un.orgWebsite: https://shop.un.orgThe designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.This publication has not been formally edited. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNCTAD/GDS/2025/1 ISBN: 978-92-1-157559-0eISBN: 978-92-1-154638-5Sales No. E.26.II.D.3iiiEnhancing policy options for countries to finance their development goals sustainablyAcknowledgementsThis report was prepared by the UNCTAD Division on Globalization and Development Strategies, by a team consisting of Penelope Hawkins, Daniela Magalhães Prates, Keith Lockwood, Kristine Fitzpatrick, and Marco Cereghetti under the project titled “Mobilizing external financial resources beyond COVID-19 for greener, more equal and sustainable development in selected vulnerable SIDS in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean”.UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the substantive contributions of Tiago Couto Porto, as well as contributions from Guilherme Magacho.ivEnhancing policy options for countries to finance their development goals sustainablyAbstractUN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) developed the first version (Mark I) of the Sustainable Development Finance Assessment (SDFA) Framework as a tool for policymakers to assess their country’s development finance needs to achieve the most relevant sustainable development goals (SDGs 1 to 4) while simultaneously ensuring the sustainability of their external and public sector financial positions. This report extends this framework to also consider SDG 13 — climate action —and climate aspects of other SDGs in an SDFA Framework Mark II.The UNCTAD SDFA Framework proceeds from a demand-led growth regime in which the balance of payments acts as the most important economic constraint to growth and development. Developing countries are likely to have a greater external constraint on growth than developed countries because of their position within the global economy,