未来能源研究所-电价对中重型汽车充电成本和负荷的影响（英）

Impact of Electric Tariffs on Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Charging Costs and Loads Beia Spiller, Ruolin Zhang, Elizabeth B. Stein, Eleftheria Kontou, and Alexander Yoshizumi Working Paper 25-22 October 2025 Resources for the Future i About the Authors Beia Spiller is a fellow and the director for RFF’s Transportation Program. Prior to joining RFF, she was Lead Senior Economist at Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), where she worked for almost a decade. She was also a Board member for the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists through 2024. Spiller is an energy economist, with experience working on electricity and transportation issues. During her time at EDF, she participated in many electric utility proceedings in New York and California, with a goal of ushering in a cleaner, more efficient and equitable energy system. Ruolin Zhang is a Transportation Analyst at Kittelson & Associates and a PhD candidate in Transportation Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She specializes in sustainable transportation systems planning and operations, with research focused on electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure planning, charging management, and policy analysis. Her work integrates data-driven modeling, optimization, and spatial analysis to support equitable and sustainable EV adoption in both urban and regional contexts. At Kittelson, Zhang applies her academic expertise to real-world transportation planning projects, bridging research and practice to advance sustainable mobility solutions. Elizabeth B. Stein is the State Policy Director at the Institute for Policy Integrity at New York University School of Law. Her work centers on state utility commission advocacy relating to electric and gas system decarbonization, electrification of end uses, sustainable rate design for the energy transition, and accurate accounting for energy transition-related emissions impacts. Before Policy Integrity, Stein was Lead Counsel, Energy Transition, at Environmental Defense Fund. Eleftheria Kontou is an assistant professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her research focuses on sustainable and electrified transportation systems planning and management. Kontou was a postdoctoral research associate at the Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the City and Regional Planning Department of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Alexander Yoshizumi leads the Systems Planning & Analysis program at the Institute for Transportation Research and Education (ITRE) at NC State University, where he oversees the Triangle Regional Model: the travel demand model serving North Carolina’s Triangle region. He also serves as Executive Director of the Applied Data Research Institute, a nonprofit organization that applies data science and systems modeling to address complex, real-world challenges. His expertise spans transportation