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INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH STRATEGIC AGRICULTURE TRANSFORMATION IN NAMIBIAHARVESTINGPROSPERITY:FOR MORE INFORMATION:ANA CRISTINA CANALES GÓMEZSENIOR LIVESTOCK SPECIALISTAGRICULTURE AND FOOD GDEASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICAACANALESGOMEZ@WORLDBANK.ORGPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedHARVESTING PROPERITY: INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH STREATEGIC AGRICULTURE TRANSFORMATION IN NAMIBIA© 2025 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reservedThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025. Harvesting Prosperity: Inclusive Economic Growth through Strategic Agriculture Transformation in Namibia. © World Bank.” All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625 • e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.For more information:Ana Cristina Canales GómezSenior Livestock SpecialistAgriculture and Food GDEastern and Southern Africa acanalesgomez@worldbank.orgTABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6LIST OF ACRONYMS 8EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 12INTRODUCTION 241 NAMIBIA’S AGRICULTURE SECTOR HOLDS THE POTENTIAL TO DRIVE FURTHER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 28 1.1 Macroeconomic and Fiscal Environment 29 1.2 Namibia’s Agriculture Sector: The performance-potential divide 31 1.3 Agriculture Policy Framework: how do Namibia’s policies support its priority development objectives? 512 DATA SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE PER 763 UNDERSTANDING OVERALL BUDGET TRENDS: LEVEL AND COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURES 82 3.1 Tracing the trajectory: Trends and shifts in Namibia’s agriculture budget 84 3.2 Dissecting the composition: unpacking Namibia’s agricultural spending patterns 96 3.3 Funding Sources of Public Expenditures 1234 FROM ALLOCATION TO IMPACT: INSIG