世界银行-健康一瞥：2023年拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（英）

Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2023Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedHealth at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean2023For the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the work is published under theresponsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD, and the opinions expressed and arguments employed herein donot necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD.The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of TheWorld Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The names of countries and territories used in this joint publication follow the practice of the OECD.This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Please cite this publication as:OECD/The World Bank (2023), Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2023, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/532b0e2d-en.ISBN 978-92-64-93641-6 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-73262-9 (pdf)ISBN 978-92-64-63932-4 (HTML)ISBN 978-92-64-77530-5 (epub)Photo credits: Cover © SALMONNEGRO-STOCK/Shutterstock.com.Corrigenda to publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm.© OECD/The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 2023This Work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO).  3 HEALTH AT A GLANCE: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 2023 © OECD/THE WORLD BANK 2023 Foreword In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, societies and health systems in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) continue to face large-scale threats with far-reaching consequences for the health and well-being of its population. More than ever, health systems in the region need to be strengthened to not only deliver high performance in typical times, but also to be resilient against major shocks, such as pandemics, the effects of climate change, or financial crises. While the pandemic laid bare the vulnerabilities of even the most highly funded and well-prepared health systems in high-income OECD countries, the tragic health outcomes of COVID-19 in the LAC region were in large part associated with structural limitations and chronic underinvestment in health. LAC countries had to tackle COVID-19 with far fewer doctors, nurses, and hospital beds than the average of OECD countries. In such context, while policy responses mitigated the loss of many lives in the region, in 2020 and 2021 there were still 2.3 million more deaths in LAC than was expected for those years in absence of the pandemic. Furthermore, the weaknesses of the health systems in LAC were further compounded