欧洲央行-从国际货币基金组织_世界银行FSAP的视角对全球银行业现场监管趋势的比较回顾（英）

Occasional Papers Series A comparative review of worldwide on-site banking supervision trends through the lens of IMF/World Bank FSAP Alessandro Santoni, Valentina Rapalino, Roberta Nesti No 375 Disclaimer: This publication should not be reported as representing the views of the European Central Bank (ECB). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB. Contents 1 Executive summary and introduction 3 1.1 FSAP 61.2 Overview of Basel Core Principles (BCPs) and on-site supervision principles 71.3 Sample 92 General overview of on-site inspection structures within several supervisory authorities 11 3 Major areas of improvement in relation to on-site examinations highlighted by FSAP analysis 25 3.1Balance between off-site and on-site supervision 253.2Communication of supervisory findings to board of banks 273.3Scope of on-site examinations 293.4Staffing of off-site and on-site functions 303.5Use of externals to conduct supervisory activities 323.6Sanctions and enforcement measures 343.7Cross-border on-site examinations and home-host relationship 373.8On-site examinations on AML topics 434 Conclusion 47 5 Annexes 49 5.1Annex 1: Sampled countries used for this assessment 495.2Annex 2: Overview of different versions of Basel Core Principles (BCPs) for effective bank supervision 50ECB Occasional Paper Series No 3751Abstract The IMF working paper, “Good Supervision: lessons from the field,” examines the effectiveness of On-site Inspections (OSIs) as a supervisory tool in advanced economies (AEs), drawing insights from 60 Basel Core Principles (BCPs) assessments conducted between 2012 and June 2023. Despite their critical role in ensuring financial stability, OSIs are identified as the second-largest weakness among supervisory techniques in AEs. The study highlights challenges such as limited supervisory resources, infrequent inspections of smaller banks, and an over-reliance on off-site monitoring, which cannot fully substitute the insights gained from in-person supervision. Key deficiencies include gaps in OSI scope, frequency, staffing, and enforcement mechanisms, as well as communication and structural issues. The paper underscores the need for supervisory authorities to balance on-site and off-site methods, enhance staffing and inspection practices, and strengthen enforcement capabilities. These improvements are deemed essential to align supervisory practices with BCP standards and foster a more resilient financial system. Keywords: On-site Inspections (OSIs), Basel Core Principle (BCP), International Monetary Fund (IMF), supervisory techniques JEL codes: G2, E58 ECB Occasional Paper Series No 37521 Executive summary and introduction The IMF Working Paper “Good Supervision: Lessons from the Field” (2023) found that on-site inspections (OSIs) rank as the second-largest weakness among the supervisory techniques used in advanced economies (AEs) (see Figure 1). The authors reviewed 60 Basel Core Principles (BC