创新与包容：女性在STEM中的重要性（英）

Innovation and Inclusion:The Importance of Women in STEMNew research from Universum uncovers what women in the STEM fields look for in employers and careers — and offers action steps for employers aiming to attract and retain top female talent. Chapter 1Understanding the STEM Careers Gender Gap in 2023After more than a decade of focused effort and investment, women have made some notable advances in STEM careers. Recent global figures are hard to come by, but country-level statistics in major talent markets show improvement. In the US: Women comprise half (50%) of all people employed in STEM-related jobs according to the Pew Research Center — a slightly higher ratio than the share of women in the workforce (47%). In the EU: more than half (52%) of all people working in science and technology are women, according to Eurostat. 12Broad-brush averages, however, hide the extent to which women trail men in specific domain areas — and these differences have outsized impact on earning potential, talent demand, and leadership roles for women. Women are overrepresented in health industry jobs, and vastly underrepresented in areas like IT and engineering — industries that have higher than average compensation opportunities. For example, Pew estimates that in the US, women make up 74% of health related jobs, 48% of life science jobs, and just 15% of engineering jobs. In computer science in particular, women in the US have lost ground over the last 15 years. 33WOMEN IN STEM 2023: Progress or Backsliding? - Chapter 11. Pew Research Center: “STEM Jobs See Uneven Progress in Increasing Gender, Racial and Ethnic Diversity,” April 1, 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2021/04/01/stem-jobs-see-uneven-progress-in-increasing-gender-racial-and-ethnic-diversity/2. Eurostat: “Science and technology fields welcome more women,” May 13, 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20220513-13. The Wall Street Journal: “How to Get More Women Into Technology,” June 1, 2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/women-in-technology-stem-11622503888That data also shows that women are underrepresented in high-growth innovation centers like cybersecurity and AI. In the UK, women make up just 22% of the AI workforce, a segment of high growth, demand, and compensation. And globally the cybersecurity workforce is just 25% women — particularly interesting given that the cybersecurity workforce is short 3.5 million workers as of 2021, according to Cybersecurity Ventures. The imbalance also shows up in the extent to which women occupy leadership roles. In the UK, for example, women fill just 13% of management roles in science and technology. And a study of Fortune 500 companies found that women held just 17% of CISO (chief information security officer) roles in 2021.45674US Women in STEM JobsShare of women in each of the following job categoriesHealth-related jobsLife science jobsMath jobsPhysical science jobsComputer jobsEngineering jobs 0%20%40%60%80%10