2021年欧洲安全年鉴（英）

EUISS YEARBOOK OF EUROPEAN SECURITY2021byDaniel Fiott withMarco ZeissEuropean Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS)100, avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris http://www.iss.europa.eu Director: Gustav Lindstrom© EU Institute for Security Studies, 2021. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated.The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.printISBN 978-92-9462-042-2 CATALOGUE NUMBER QN-AJ-21-001-EN-C DOI 10.2815/422402onlineISBN 978-92-9462-040-8 CATALOGUE NUMBER QN-AJ-21-001-EN-N DOI 10.2815/307756Published by the EU Institute for Security Studies and printed in Belgium by Bietlot. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021. Cover image credit: Julius Drost/unsplashEUISSYEARBOOK OF EUROPEAN SECURITY2021byDaniel Fiott with Marco ZeissContentsAbbreviations 6Country codes 10Preface 11Introduction 16The 2021 Yearbook 23EXTERNAL ACTION1 The EU and Covid-19 282 Multilateralism 44EU voting at the United Nations 533 Turkey and the Western Balkans 58Turkey 58Western Balkans 604 The southern neighbourhood 67North Africa, the Middle East and the Gulf Region 67Sub-Saharan Africa 835 The eastern neighbourhood 98Russia 98Eastern Partnership 1036 Asia 113China 114Indo-Pacific 118Central Asia 1247 Americas 128North America 128Latin America and the Caribbean 141EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENCE8 Crisis management 150Civilian and military CSDP 1509 Defence cooperation 161Strategic Compass 164Permanent Structured Cooperation 166Coordinated Annual Review on Defence 169European Defence Fund 173Partnerships 17610 Security 180Hybrid threats 180Cybersecurity 183Border management, crime and terrorism 186Migration and asylum 191Space 192ANNEXStatistical annex 200Index 208List of figuresCovid−19 29Worldwide reported confirmed cases, thousand, 2020Covid−19 31EU27 − Cumulative cases, Jan 2020 − Mar 2021, thousandEU Delegations around the world 47Staff levels by contractual status, Dec 2019UN Security Council voting 54By permanent and non−permanent members, 2020Covid−19 61Russia, Western Balkans, Eastern Partnership − Cumulative cases, Jan 2020 − Mar 2021, thousandKey events 66Western BalkansLibya 68Crisis events, 2020Libya 68EU Integrated Approach, since 2011, € millionCovid−19 69North Africa − Cumulative cases, Jan 2020 − Mar 2021, thousandCovid−19 70Middle East and Gulf Region − Cumulative cases, Jan 2020 − Mar 2021, thousandSyria 74Crisis events, 2020Yemen 80EU Integrated Approach, since 2015, € millionYemen 81Crisis events, 2020Key events 82MENA and GulfThe Sahel 88Crisis events, 2020Covid−19 89Sub-Saharan Africa − Cumulative cases, Jan 2020 − Mar 2021, thousandHorn of Africa 90Crisis events, 2020Key events 96Sub−Saharan AfricaUkraine 100Crisis events, 2020Ukraine 100EU Integrated Approach, since 2014, € millionKey events 112Eastern neighbourhoodCovid−19 115East Asia − Cumulative cases, Jan 2020 − Mar 2021, thousandCo