指导生物多样性信贷市场的高级原则（英）

High-Level Principles to Guide the Biodiversity Credit MarketW H I T E P A P E RJ U L Y 2 0 2 5In collaboration withImages: Getty ImagesDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.© 2025 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForewordExecutive summaryIntroduction1 High-level principles to guide the biodiversity credit market1.1 Verified positive outcomes for nature1.2 Equity and fairness for people1.3 Good governance for high-integrity marketsConclusionAppendix: Glossary of termsContributorsEndnotes34589141719202325High-Level Principles to Guide the Biodiversity Credit Market2ForewordAkanksha Khatri Head, Nature and Biodiversity, World Economic Forum Amelia Fawcett Co-Chair, International Advisory Panel on Biodiversity CreditsSylvie Goulard Co-Chair, International Advisory Panel on Biodiversity CreditsManesh Lacoul Global Coordinator, Biodiversity Credit AllianceBiodiversity is in crisis. More than a million plant and animal species are under the threat of extinction, and the rate of biodiversity loss globally is estimated to be 100 to 1,000 times higher than the background extinction rate.1 This global biodiversity crisis is significant, not only for the survival of countless species but also for human well-being. Biodiversity is essential for our existence on this planet. We rely on it for things big and small, ranging from the stability of our food and water systems to the benefits for emotional and mental well-being that nature can bring. The natural world is also deeply culturally and spiritually significant for many. In particular, Indigenous Peoples and local communities have been stewards of the natural world for millennia, and are at the forefront of protecting and maintaining the world’s biodiversity.Slowing down, halting and reversing this crisis will require the mobilization of vast amounts of finance. The biodiversity finance gap is estimated at $700 billion a year. Both the public and private sectors have important roles in addressing this gap and ensuring the restoration and conservation of biodiversity. Governments and the public sector have a particularly important part to play in preserving and funding biodiversity conservation by reducing harmful subsidies and tackling pollution and trafficking. Target 19 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework calls for an increase in funding from all sectors to $200 billion per year, and Target 19c calls fo