新一轮大分化：人工智能为何会加剧国家间不平等背景文件

CONTENTS2CONTENTSCopyright © UNDP 2025United Nations Development ProgramOne United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017, USAAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission.General disclaimersThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The findings, analysis, and recommendations of this Report do not represent the official position of the UNDP or of any of the UN Member States that are part of its Executive Board. They are also not necessarily endorsed by those mentioned in the acknowledgments or cited. This volume compiles background papers authored by independent experts, and the views expressed in each paper are solely those of the respective authors and do not necessarily reflect those of UNDP or its partners.All reasonable precautions have been taken to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the UNDP be liable for damages arising from its use.3ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis report compiles the nine background papers that underpin The Next Great Divergence? These papers were authored by leading scholars and practitioners from across the Asia-Pacific region and beyond, whose research and insights form the analytical foundation of the report.• Catherine Tucker and Nan Clement (MIT Sloan School of Management), Seeing the Unseen – Avoiding Data Deserts and Algorithmic Exclusion• Shen Zhou (School of Humanities and Social Sciences, AI Fusion Institute, University of Science and Technology of China) and Xufeng Zhu (Institute for Sustainable Development Goals, Tsinghua University), AI and Human Security• Xian Hu and Chen Fang (School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University), under the guidance of Jian Zhang (Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University), AI and the Climate Crisis• Sara Beery (Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology), People-Centric AI for Conserving Biodiversity• Michael Muthukrishna (London School of Economics and Political Science) and Iyad Rahwan (Max Planck Institute for Human Development), AI for Productivity and Empowerment – in Agriculture, Health, Education and Transport• Shahid Yusuf (The Growth Dialogue, George Washington University), The