UNDP-内陆发展中国家：回顾与展望-未来十年的加速行动（英）

Landlocked Developing Countries: Looking Backand AheadAccelerating Action in the next 10 Years July2025UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEThe report was prepared by Renata Rubian, Dajna Sorensen, Rishi Chakraborty, and Kevin Li (King’s College/LSE). The report benefited from the overall strategic guidance and steering of Marcos Neto, Director of the UNDP Bureau for Policy and Programme Support (BPPS); Francine Pickup, Deputy Director of UNDP BPPS; and George Gray Molina, Chief Economist and Director of Inclusive Growth, UNDP BPPS.Adela Pozder-Cengic, Aleida Ferreyra, Alessandro Ercolani, Carolina Rivera, Dan Malinovich, Dilshod Akbarov, Evelyne Bamba, Gerardo Noto, Jacob Assa, Jonathan Zigrand, Krisanhty Supangkat, Lars Jensen, Luciana Trinidad de Aguiar, Luisa Bernal, Mandeep Dhaliwal, Midori Paxton, Mthokozisi Tshuma, Natalia Linou, Nazik Abdyyeva, Nizar Kaddouh, Owen Shumba, Rania Mohamed Osman Mohamed Hadra, Raquel Lagunas, Raymond Gilpin, Riad Meddeb, Robert Gerenge, Roy Small, Sahba Sobhani, Sangita Khadka, Santiago Cunial, Stefano Pistolese, Sufaneena Sufian, Tim Scott, Umberto Labate, Uyanga Gankhuyag, Veronique Gerard, Vesna Dzuteska-Bisheva, and Yuping Chan, are thanked for their in-depth technical reviews. Andrew Rizk, Kelly Mcbride, and Saira Bilal are thanked for their contributions on the budget expenditures for the past 10 years across UNDP country ofces located in LLDCs.AcknowledgementsThe findings, interpretations and conclusions contained in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and its Executive Board or the governments it represents. UNDP does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. For any errors or omissions, please send a message to SDG1@undp.org.DisclaimerUnited Nations Development Programme One United Nations Plaza New York, NY, 100017 USAwww.undp.orgCopyright © UNDP 2025. All rights reserved.Executive SummaryOver the past ten years, UNDP has partnered with all 32 Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) to support the implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action, investing over USD 12.5 billion across areas such as governance, climate resilience, economic transformation, and financing for development. With a universal presence in LLDCs, UNDP translated global expertise into context-specific solutions through its country ofces. Below is a synopsis of UNDP's policy and programmatic work aligned with national priorities.11Governance Systems and Institutional Capacity: Efective governance is essential for sustainable development in LLDCs, shaping inclusive service delivery, trust, and institutional resilience. UNDP addresses challenges such as democratic backsliding, digital transformation, and weak accountability through support for decentralization, capacity building, and participatory governance. In countries such as Nepal, Moldova, Lao PDR, and Mali, these eforts have strengthened institutions amid complex crises. Looking ahead, the Awaza