世界银行-从稀缺到安全：在气候变化背景下考察西岸和加沙的水-能源-粮食关系（英）

THE WEST BANK AND GAZAEXAMINING THE WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS INWITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGEFROM SCARCITY TO SECURITYPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedEXAMINING THE WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGEiiCover photo: Ahed Izhiman - World BankCover design: Farah Zanbaka EXAMINING THE WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGEiii© 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes,and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2024. From Scarcity to Security: Examining the Water-Energy-Food Nexus in the West Bank and Gaza within the Context of Climate Change World Bank, Washington, DC.Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights @worldbank.org.EXAMINING THE WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGEivTABLE OF CONTENTivvviviviviiiixxxii1791015232931353644536673757887949497103111117119120133139147Table of ContentsList of FiguresList of TablesList of MapsList of Boxes ForewordAcknowledgementsAbbreviations and Acronyms Executive Summary1 Introduction2 The Climate Context 2.1 The Context 2.2 Historical Climate Trends 2.3 Future Climate Projections 2.4 The Policy Response3 The Water—Energy—Food Nexus 3.1 The WEF Strategic Pillars for Improving Resilience 3.2 The Water Sector 3.2.1 Water Resources 3.2.2 Current Water Supply 3.2.3 Future