欧洲疾控中心-腮腺炎-2023年年度流行病学报告（英）

Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 - mumps. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. Stockholm, July 2025 © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2025. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. ECDC NORMAL Key facts • For 2023, 2 963 cases of mumps were reported to ECDC by 27 EU/EEA Member States with an overall notification rate of 0.7 cases per 100 000 population. This was similar to 2022, but slightly higher than the notification rate reported in 2021 (0.4) and significantly lower than the notification rates reported during the preceding two years (2020=1.7, 2019=3.4) in the EU/EEA. • In 2023, those aged 1–4 and 5–9 years experienced the highest age-specific notification rates (4.4, 4.05 retrospectively). • In 2023, there has been a shift towards those in older age groups being diagnosed with mumps, with individuals over 30 years of age the most affected in terms of absolute numbers (26.4%). The median age of cases was 21 years which is higher than 2022 when the median was 10 years. • Mumps was slightly more common among males (53.7%) than females with an overall male to female ratio of 1.16:1. Notification rates for males were higher in the younger age groups (<1, 1–4, 5-9, 10–14, and 15–19 years) and slightly lower than females among adults (20–29 and 30 years and older groups). • Children aged 5–9 years accounted for 25.1% of cases in 2023, with 34% of them being fully vaccinated (with at least two doses). • High MMR vaccination coverage is essential to prevent mumps outbreaks and progress towards measles and rubella elimination; being vaccinated is also associated with decreased disease severity. Introduction Mumps is a contagious viral infection caused by an RNA virus belonging to the Rubulavirus genus within the Paramyxoviridae family. It primarily manifests as acute parotitis - inflammation of the parotid salivary glands - but can also lead to complications such as orchitis, meningitis, pneumonia, sensorineural hearing loss, and in rare cases, encephalitis, which may result in death. Subfertility and oligospermia are possible long-term consequences, particularly in males who experience orchitis [1]. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets or direct contact with saliva, with individuals considered infectious from 12 to 25 days post-exposure. The average incubation period is approximately 19 days, ranging from 14 to 25 days. Immunisation remains the only effective preventive measure [1]. All EU/EEA countries include the mumps vaccine in their routine childhood immunisation schedules, administered as part of the combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The first dose is typically given in the second year of life, while the timing of the second dose varies by country [2, 3]. SURVEILLANCE REPORT Mumps Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 SURVEILLANCE REPORT Annual epidemiological report for 2023 2 Before the introducti