世界经济论坛-重新思考媒介素养：信息完整性的新生态系统模型（英）

Rethinking Media Literacy: A New Ecosystem Model for Information Integrity I N S I G H T R E P O R TJ U L Y 2 0 2 5Images: Getty ImagesContentsForeword 3Executive summary 4Introduction 51 State of media and information literacy 72 Building a comprehensive model to strengthen information integrity 133 A socio-ecological model to tackle disinformation 154 The disinformation life cycle 175 A socio-ecological model 236 Mapping MIL interventions 267 Action points 35Conclusion 39Contributors 40Endnotes 42Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.© 2025 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.Rethinking Media Literacy: A New Ecosystem Model for Information Integrity 2The ability to navigate and critically engage with information is a fundamental skill in today’s digital age. Media and information literacy (MIL) lies at the core of efforts to strengthen information integrity and foster a safer, more trustworthy online environment. However, the onus cannot be solely on individual information consumers to assess credibility, when the mechanisms and tools to enable deception at ever-greater speed, scale, sophistication and complexity are ubiquitous. In such an environment, responsibility must be shared by a whole range of stakeholders. This includes the structures that exist to incentivize certain behaviours over others. This report presents a new model for a comprehensive, whole-of-society approach to MIL. It aims to provide a framework for mapping the range of interventions needed and optimizing efforts to mitigate the proliferation and impact of disinformation while protecting free expression. It builds on the work of the Global Coalition for Digital Safety, particularly its focus on effective digital safety interventions, including education-based strategies.The Coalition’s work highlights the crucial role that multistakeholder approaches play in shaping healthier digital ecosystems. The aim of the Coalition is to help people develop the skills needed to better access, analyse, evaluate, create and responsibly consume media while at the same time encouraging interventions that disincentivize the production and viral distribution of disinformation. As seen in the Global Risks Report 2025 – the World Economic Forum’s annual survey of 900 experts worldwide on global threats – disinformation and misinformation were identified as the top risk over the next two years, reflecting moun