联合国西亚经济社会委员会-多维贫困：在几个阿拉伯国家的未完成任务（英）

Multidimensional poverty: an unaccomplished mission in several Arab countriesKey messages©RealPeopleStudio/stock.adobe.comE/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2025/Policy brief.5Multidimensional poverty in the middle-income countries of Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia has shown only marginal reduction or stagnation over the past decade. Significant gaps persist in the quality and inclusivity of education, and in access to decent housing and essential public services. In Egypt, strengthening health and nutrition outcomes represents another critical area of concern.Multidimensional poverty remains critically high in the least developed countries of the Comoros, Mauritania and Yemen, with significant reduction observed only in the Comoros over the last decade. Robust domestic efforts and sustained international assistance are imperative in all three countries to ensure minimum standards for sanitation, clean drinking water and energy access.2Multidimensional poverty in Egypt, Jordan and TunisiaAn examination of multidimensional poverty trends in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia, three Arab middle-income countries (MICs) with recent surveys, reveals slow and inconsistent progress.1 From the early 2010s to the early 2020s, Tunisia and Egypt experienced a modest decrease in multidimensional poverty, while Jordan witnessed stagnation. Disaggregated analysis shows that multidimensional poverty remains more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas.Based on the Arab Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) framework, education remains the main driver of multidimensional poverty across the three MICs. Other factors significantly influence poverty as well, though their impact varies by country. In Tunisia, assets, services and housing have a comparable impact, suggesting the need for an integrated policy response. In Egypt, access to basic services and nutrition are particularly critical, requiring targeted investments to reduce deprivations. In Jordan, education is the leading driver of multidimensional poverty, followed by housing and assets.Figure 1. Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio and intensity, and the Arab MPI over time, selected MICs11.211.221.817.521.618.225.426.328.726.928.129.40.000.050.100.150.200.250.05.010.015.020.025.030.035.0201120232011202320142022JordanTunisiaEgyptMultidimensional Poverty IndexMultidimensional poverty headcount and intensity (percentage) Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (H)Intensity (A)Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)Source: Authors’ calculations.Note: For details on the methodology see United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Second Arab Multidimensional Poverty Report, May 2023.©akram.alrasny/stock.adobe.com3Multidimensional poverty in the Comoros, Mauritania and YemenFigure 2. Contribution of dimensions to the Arab MPI, latest survey year (Percentage)Health and nutritionEducationHousing ServicesAssets0102030405060708090100Contribution of dimensionsJordanTunisiaEgyptSource: Authors’ calculations.Figure