国际商会国际仲裁院-供应链中的数据流：实际情况和政策影响（英）

Data flows in supply chains Policy briefJune 2025 | Data flows in supply chains | Policy brief | 2Table of contentsExecutive summary .................................................................3Introduction ...............................................................................4Key trade policy challenges for data flows in global supply chains – and what they mean in practice ..........8ICC recommendations to promote the free flow of data in global supply chains ......................................... 10Industry insights ..................................................................... 12Conclusion ............................................................................... 13Additional resources ............................................................. 13June 2025 | Data flows in supply chains | Policy brief | 3Executive summary• Cross-border data flows are essential to modern supply chains, enabling real-time coordination, logistics, compliance, and customer responsiveness.• Growing regulatory fragmentation, including data localisation mandates, inconsistent privacy laws, and incompatible standards, acts as a non-tariff barrier to trade. These restrictions increase costs, reduce supply chain visibility, and undermine global competitiveness. • Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) are disproportionately affected by digital trade barriers, often lacking the resources to navigate complex data compliance requirements. This limits their ability to participate in global value chains and hinders inclusive trade. • Data flow restrictions impair key supply chain functions, including traceability, customs clearance, risk analysis, and the deployment of digital tools such as IoT and predictive analytics. • Inconsistent rules also put sensitive commercial data at risk, with forced disclosure and weak protections threatening business confidentiality and trust.• To preserve cross-border data flows and ensure resilient, efficient global supply chains, ICC calls for coordinated international action to address growing regulatory fragmentation. Specifically, ICC recommends:Pursue multilateral rules at the WTO to enable trusted, secure, and predictable cross-border data flows. Promote risk and evidence-based approaches to determine when there should be an exception to the default position of allowing data to flow across borders.Ensure open and interoperable data frameworks by avoiding blanket data localisation and supporting mutual recognition of standards. Safeguard Confidential Business Information (CBI) in trade and data policies through enforceable protections.Support a digital trade enabling environment, including harmonised documentation standards and trusted trader certifications to reduce friction and increase participation, especially for MSMEs.The full set of recommendations is provided on page 10.June 2025 | Data flows in supply chains | Policy brief | 4IntroductionCross-border data flows are essential for eff